The general objective of this study was to investigate the household socioeconomic effects of changaa brewing, trafficking and consumption among the youth in Muhudu Ward, Hamisi Sub County in Vihiga County. The study hence sought to examine the household socioeconomic effects of changaa brewing on the education of the youth, economic status of families, the social lives of the youth and possibilities of changaa being associated with criminal activities that happened in Muhudu Ward. The study was significant and justified on the basis moral decay among the youth that had been reported in the area of study and across the country, various fatalities and accidents that had been associated with changaa brewing. This study therefore was to source for remedy to this peril, and limit the associated consequences of changaa brewing, backed by the existing policies campaigns that targeted those who were involved in driving while they were drunk. The study was informed by social learning theory, by Albert Bandura, which informed the research on how the youth learnt the behavior of changaa brewing, trafficking and/or consumption. The researcher used survey research design and employed both qualitative and quantitative research procedures, in an area which had 3 sub locations. Simple random sampling was used to select 110 respondents, which comprised of 43 youths and 20 household heads randomly selected, 3 mixed groups of 10 members each randomly selected and 7 key respondents purposively sampled. Questionnaires, focus group discussions and key informant interviews were used to collect data. On the basis of findings, the study concluded changaa brewing, trafficking and consumption was common among male as compared to females, especially those who were single. The respondents gave reasons of enjoyment and peer influence, as being responsible for their habits. Most youth dint complete schooling, most as a result of changaa and drug abuse. Most of the youth used a highest percentage of their income on changaa (above 500 weekly), since most of them were single/ separated with their spouses. The relationships with their families were poor and it was evident enough that there was a close association between crime and changaa. The researcher recommended community action and youth vocational training.
Table of Contents
- DEDICATION
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.
- LIST OF FIGURES
- LIST OF TABLES
- ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
- ABSTRACT.
- CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Background to the study.
- 1.2 Statement of the problem
- 1.3 Objectives of the study
- 1.3.1 General objectives
- 1.3.2 Specific objectives.
- 1.3.3 Research questions
- 1.4 Research assumptions
- 1.5 Justification of the study.
- 1.6 Significance of the study.
- 1.7 Scope and delimitations of the study
- 1.8 Limitations of the study
- 1.9 Conceptual framework
- 1.10 Operational definition of terminologies as used in this research.
- CHAPTER TWO
- LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Theoretical framework.
- 2.1.1 Social learning theory
- 2.2 Review of empirical studies
- 2.2.1 Effects of chang'aa brewing on education among the youths
- 2.2.2 Effects of changaa brewing on family's economic status.
- 2.2.3 Effects of changaa brewing on social life of the youth
- 2.2.4 The relationship between changaa brewing and crime among the youths.
- 2.3 Chapter summary...
- CHAPTER THREE
- RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY.
- 3.1 Research Design ...
- 3.2 Site Description
- 3.3 Study and target populations
- 3.4 Sample size and sampling techniques
- 3.4.1 Sample size..
- 3.4.2 Sampling Technique.
- 3.5 Methods and instruments of data collection.
- 3.5.1 Methods of data collection
- 3.5.1.1 Interview
- 3.5.1.2 Focused group discussions.
- 3.5.1.3 The use of key informants
- 3.5.2 The instruments of data collection
- 3.5.2.1 Questionnaires.
- 3.5.2.2 Tape recording
- 3.5.2.3 Note taking..
- 3.5.1 Methods of data collection
- 3.6 Data Collection procedures.
- 3.7 Data analysis procedures
- 3.8 Reliability and Validity of the instruments used
- 3.9 Ethical considerations of this study
- CHAPTER FOUR
- DATA ANALYSIS, PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION
- 4.1 Response Rate.
- 4.2 Demographic characteristics of the respondents
- 4.3 Effects of changaa brewing on education
- 4.4 Effects of changaa brewing on family's economic status..
- 4.5 Effects of changaa brewing on the social lives of the youth
- 4.6 The relationship between changaa and crime
- 4.7 Chapter Summary
- CHAPTER FIVE
- SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- 5.1 Summary of Research findings.
- 5.2 Conclusion..
- 5.3 Recommendations
- 5.4 Areas for further research
- REFERENCES
- APPENDICES
- Appendix I: A questionnaire for the youth and household heads
- Appendix II: A questionnaire for the key informants
- Appendix III: An interview guide for the focus group discussions
- Appendix IV: Map of muhudu Hamisi Sub County.
Objectives & Thematic Focus
This study aims to investigate the household socioeconomic effects of changaa brewing, trafficking, and consumption among youth in Muhudu Ward, Hamisi Sub County in Vihiga County. It explores the multifaceted impacts of this illicit brew on various aspects of community life.
- Effects of changaa brewing on youth education.
- Impact of changaa brewing on families' economic status.
- Consequences of changaa brewing on the social lives of youth.
- Relationship between changaa brewing and criminal activities.
- Socio-economic challenges in rural Kenyan communities.
- Youth involvement in substance abuse and its repercussions.
Excerpt from the Book
Changaa Brewing, Trafficking and Consumption in Muhudu Ward
Changaa or Chang'aa is a traditional home-brewed spirit, popular in Kenya. It is made by fermentation and distillation from grains like millet, maize and sorghum. The name has its origin in Luo land. The name Chang'aa was adopted in 1950s when one Oyuga Muganda was already an AP camp in Kisumu. He once narrated the story in the presence of Tom Omuga of how ‘Pelele aka Woraj'got its name as ‘Changaa'. The story had it that, women from Kano area of Kisumu used to ferry fresh milk in pots to go and sell to Kisumu residents. Colonial Government had banned the sale of Local liquor (Peele) and so the women carrying milk also carried pelele in the milk pots as milk. One day a white policeman who had received some information about the trafficking of "Peele" stopped women milk sellers on the road to inspect their pots of "milk". One of the pots had pelele and not milk. The policeman ordered all the pots lined on the roadside and the policeman asked "Maziwayanani?” Interpreter repeated in dholuo ‘Ma Chagng'a?' To mean whose milk is this? So Mzungu charged the women with transporting and selling Chang'aa. That is how the name Chang'aa came about.
For many years, Changaa was illegal in Kenya. It was legalized by the Kenyan government in 2010, in an effort to take business away from establishments where toxic chemicals are added to the brew to make it stronger. This law provided that changaa must be manufactured, distributed and sold in glass bottles and retailers must display health warning signs. Sale to individuals under age 18 was still prohibited, as was sale through automatic vending machines. Anyone who made or sold adulterated changaa risked penalties of five million shillings, five years in jail, or both. Chang'aa is usually much cheaper and stronger than other alcoholic drinks, making it the beverage of choice for many.
Changaa is sometimes adulterated by adding substances like jet fuel, embalming fluid or battery acid, which has the effect of giving the beverage more 'kick'(Mureithi, 2002). Drinkers have suffered blindness or death due to methanol poisoning. The water used to make the drink in illegal breweries is also often below acceptable health standards and sometimes contaminated with sewage. This adulteration happens mostly in urban areas.
Summary of Chapters
Chapter One: Introduction: This chapter presents the background of the study, the problem statement, objectives (general and specific), research questions, assumptions, justification, significance, scope, limitations, conceptual and theoretical frameworks, and operational definitions of terms related to changaa brewing, trafficking, and consumption among youth in Muhudu Ward.
Chapter Two: Literature Review: This chapter reviews the theoretical framework, specifically Social Learning Theory, and empirical studies on the effects of changaa brewing on youth education, family economic status, social life, and its relationship with crime.
Chapter Three: Research Design and Methodology: This chapter outlines the survey research design, describes the study site (Muhudu Ward), details the target population and sampling techniques, specifies data collection methods (interviews, focus groups, questionnaires, key informants), and discusses data analysis, reliability, validity, and ethical considerations.
Chapter Four: Data Analysis, Presentation and Interpretation: This chapter presents the analysis of collected data, including response rates and demographic characteristics of respondents. It interprets findings on the effects of changaa brewing on education, family economic status, social lives of youth, and its association with criminal activities, using frequency tables, pie charts, and bar graphs.
Chapter Five: Summary of Findings, Conclusion and Recommendations: This chapter summarizes the key research findings, provides conclusions based on the study's objectives, and offers recommendations for addressing the household socioeconomic effects of changaa brewing, trafficking, and consumption, along with suggestions for further research.
Keywords
Changaa, alcohol abuse, youth, socio-economic effects, Muhudu Ward, Kenya, drug trafficking, alcohol consumption, education, family economic status, social life, crime, substance abuse, traditional brew.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the main topic of this study?
The study primarily investigates the household socio-economic effects of changaa brewing, trafficking, and consumption among youth in Muhudu Ward, Hamisi Sub County, Kenya.
What are the central thematic areas?
The central thematic areas include the effects of changaa on youth education, family economic status, the social lives of youth, and its relationship with criminal activities.
What is the primary objective or research question?
The primary objective is to investigate the household socio-economic effects of changaa brewing, trafficking, and consumption among youth, while a core research question asks about the possible effects of changaa brewing on education among the youths in Muhudu Ward.
Which scientific method is employed?
The study employs a survey research design, utilizing both qualitative and quantitative research procedures to collect data.
What main aspects are covered in the body of the work?
The main body covers a literature review on existing theories and empirical studies, the research design and methodology, detailed data analysis and interpretation of findings, and a summary of findings, conclusions, and recommendations.
What key terms characterize this study?
Key terms characterizing this study include Changaa, alcohol abuse, youth, socio-economic effects, Muhudu Ward, drug trafficking, consumption, education, family economic status, social life, and crime.
What is 'Changaa' and what is its historical context in Kenya?
'Changaa' is a traditional home-brewed spirit popular in Kenya, made from fermented and distilled grains. It was historically illegal but legalized in 2010 to regulate its production and sale, aiming to prevent adulteration and associated health risks, though issues persist.
How does the Social Learning Theory relate to changaa consumption among youth?
The Social Learning Theory, by Albert Bandura, suggests that youth learn behaviors like changaa brewing, trafficking, and consumption through observation, imitation, and modeling, often influenced by parents, peers, and media, as well as vicarious reinforcement.
What are some identified reasons why youth engage in changaa brewing/consumption?
Youth engage in changaa brewing, trafficking, and consumption for reasons such as enjoyment, peer influence, economic limitations (to earn a living or due to idleness), and to relieve stress from personal frustrations.
What measures are recommended to curb changaa abuse in Muhudu Ward?
Recommendations include community action, establishment of rehabilitation centers, intensive community sensitization campaigns, strengthening vocational training to equip youth with life skills, creating employment opportunities, and enhancing pastoral care by local churches to stabilize morality.
- Arbeit zitieren
- Brighton Amuni (Autor:in), 2019, Household Socio-Economic Effects of Chang’aa Brewing, Trafficking and Consumption Among the Youth, München, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/1613001
