Development Aid has gained its popularity since the end of World War II. The first official development Aid, the Marshall Plan was a successful model that rebuilt devastated Europe. Aids, for third world development however, could not prove its outcome. Four decades after the beginning of development aid, Africa is poorer than fourty years ago, claims Dambisa Moyo, a prominent American educated scholor and development policy expert. Despite the flow of billions of dollors in African economies, they are more dependent today than ever before. She claims that Aid made Africans lazy. They see it as a regular income and do not try to build their nation themselves. This has a huge impact in the future of Africa. She believes that the donor countries should stop the flow of aid, as it never reaches the ones who really need it. Other prominent development aid experts however doubt this argument because this could mean millions of deaths in short term. However, we can conclude that the way how development aid functions today could be organized in a better way so that it will be more effective. The role of transnational agencies like the World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Trade Organization (WTO) should be reformed. The pre-conditions for short term and long term loans should not be made dependent on market liberalisation or opening the third world markets.
Rwanda, a country that experienced the horrors of one of the most terrible genocide in human history, when the Hutu Militants killed almost one million Tutsis within few months, is one of the most stable countries in Africa today. Its economy is booming, it has an excellent security system. Rwanda did not get Aid from third countries for years. It fought itself to come out of the nightmares of Genocide and built a stable economy, without aid. Today, Africans learn from Rwanda. They have understood that life is possible without aid and the first step to that is being independent from any foreign assistence. Rwanda presented itself as a role model in Africa that some development aid experts started to believe that aid should be given but there should be a time frame. The Marshall Plan in Western Europe had a time frame, after few years, aid flow stopped and the Europeans had to pay back the money. Same model would be plausible for Africa and all the receivers of development aid. They should know that aid is not for always, it is just a help to selfhelp.
Inhaltsverzeichnis (Table of Contents)
- Abstract
- Short Overview of Development Aid
- Bilateral Aid
- Multilateral Aid
- Aids provided by NGOs
- Humanitarian Aid
- Remittances
- IMF, World Bank and the WTO
- IMF
- World Bank and the WTO .....
- Is Development Aid Effective?
- Critics of Development Aid
- Rwandan Genocide
- Rwanda Today
- Lessons to Learn
- Sources
Zielsetzung und Themenschwerpunkte (Objectives and Key Themes)
This article explores the effectiveness of development aid, using the example of Rwanda to demonstrate how a country can overcome a history of conflict and achieve economic growth without relying on external assistance. The author argues that while development aid has its place, the current system is flawed, and there is a need for reform to make it more effective. Key themes explored in the article include:- The history and effectiveness of development aid
- The role of international institutions like the IMF, World Bank, and WTO
- The impact of development aid on recipient countries
- The importance of self-reliance and sustainable development
- The example of Rwanda as a case study for development without aid
Zusammenfassung der Kapitel (Chapter Summaries)
- Abstract: The author begins by questioning the effectiveness of development aid, arguing that despite billions of dollars in aid, many African countries are still struggling economically. The author presents the case of Rwanda as a country that has achieved stability and economic growth without significant external aid.
- Short Overview of Development Aid: This chapter provides a historical overview of development aid, tracing its roots back to the colonial era and highlighting the Marshall Plan as a successful example of aid-driven reconstruction. The author also discusses the changing landscape of development aid, with countries like South Korea becoming major aid providers.
- Bilateral Aid: This chapter focuses on aid provided directly from one government to another.
- Multilateral Aid: This chapter examines aid channeled through multilateral institutions such as the World Bank and WHO.
- Aids provided by NGOs: This chapter examines the role of non-governmental organizations in delivering aid to developing countries.
- Humanitarian Aid: This chapter discusses aid provided in response to humanitarian crises and emergencies.
- Remittances: This chapter examines the significance of remittances, or money sent by migrants back to their home countries, as a form of financial aid.
- IMF, World Bank and the WTO: This chapter examines the role of these international institutions in shaping development aid and economic policy in developing countries.
- Is Development Aid Effective?: This chapter critically analyzes the effectiveness of development aid, considering both positive and negative aspects. The author discusses arguments for and against the use of development aid.
- Critics of Development Aid: This chapter explores the various criticisms levelled against development aid, highlighting concerns about its impact on recipient countries and the potential for dependency.
- Rwandan Genocide: This chapter provides a brief overview of the Rwandan genocide and its devastating consequences.
- Rwanda Today: This chapter presents Rwanda's journey from the aftermath of the genocide to a stable and economically prosperous nation.
- Lessons to Learn: This chapter draws conclusions from the Rwandan example, emphasizing the importance of self-reliance, good governance, and a commitment to sustainable development.
Schlüsselwörter (Keywords)
This article focuses on development aid, its effectiveness, and the impact of aid on recipient countries. The article uses the example of Rwanda to highlight the importance of self-reliance and the potential for countries to achieve economic growth and stability without relying heavily on external assistance. Key concepts explored include: development aid, multilateral and bilateral aid, aid effectiveness, Rwandan genocide, Rwanda's economic recovery, self-reliance, sustainable development, and dependency.- Citation du texte
- Bikal Dhungel (Auteur), 2011, Credibility of Development Aid and the lessons from Rwanda, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/171034
