The distance between Earth and Mars varies continuously due to their different orbital radii and angular velocities. Traditional analytical methods, based on the law of cosines, provide a simple estimation but fail to capture subtle orbital variations and smoothing effects. In this work, we propose a Hybrid Corrected Distance (HCD) model, expressed as:
d_HCD(t) = √[ R_E² + R_M² − 2 R_E R_M × (sin(Δθ/2)/(Δθ/2)) × (cos(Δθ/2))^(1/3) × (1 + 0.1 sin(Δθ/4)) ]
This formula introduces smooth trigonometric corrections to the classical geometric model, accounting for angular smoothing and small periodic variations. We present a detailed explanation, sample calculations, and comparison with the classical formula, demonstrating its utility for educational, theoretical, and analytical applications.
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- Fazal Rehman (Autor), 2026, A Hybrid Corrected Analytical Model for Earth–Mars Distance, Múnich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/1711412
