The paper analyzes the Nord Stream pipeline and its influence on EU-Russia energy relations. As the paper uses the two theories of neo-realism and neo-liberalism to investigate the project, it examines the pipeline from two different viewpoints. In this sense, two main perspectives are outlined, namely Nordstream as a Pan-European project and Nordstream as a dividing factor for Europe. The aim of this twofold approach is not to find the ultimate truth concerning the pipeline but rather to reveal that such a project can be viewed completely different depending on the geopolitical and historical position of the observer. Therefore, this paper does not see the Nordstream project from the lens of one theoretical approach only, but rather uses the two IR theories complementary to establish a deeper understanding of the pipeline's geopolitics.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Theorizing International Relations in the Light of Energy: Neo-realism and Neo-liberalism
3. Energy in Russia and the EU
4. Assessing Nord Stream: Diversification of Gas Supply or Segmentation of the EU Energy Market?
4.1. The Neo-Liberalist Perspective: Nord Stream - A Pan-European Project
4.2. The Neo-Realist Perspective: Nord Stream - Dividing the EU
5. Conclusion
References
Appendix
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