Leadership and management theories have undergone substantial evolution in response to the shifting socio-economic, technological, and organizational landscapes. Transitioning from the mechanistic principles of early industrial management to the adaptive and human-centric methodologies of the digital age, organizations increasingly necessitate leadership frameworks that can effectively tackle complexity, innovation, globalization, and sustainability. This research provides a critical assessment of the progression of both traditional and modern leadership and management theories through an extensive review of academic literature. The study employs a qualitative desk-based approach, utilizing secondary data sourced from peer-reviewed journal articles, scholarly books, and reputable electronic databases. A thematic analysis is conducted to explore the philosophical underpinnings, advantages, drawbacks, and practical significance of key traditional theories—including Scientific Management, Administrative Management, Bureaucratic Theory, Trait Theory, and Behavioural Theory—as well as contemporary frameworks such as Transformational Leadership, Transactional Leadership, Servant Leadership, Authentic Leadership, Situational Leadership, Distributed Leadership, and Complexity Leadership. Additionally, the research examines the socio-economic and technological factors that have propelled the shift from control-centric management paradigms to collaborative, ethical, and innovation-oriented leadership models. The results reveal that while traditional theories still offer essential principles for organizational structure, efficiency, and managerial oversight, they fall short in addressing the dynamic challenges faced by modern organizations marked by digital transformation, workforce diversity, globalization, and uncertainty. In contrast, contemporary leadership theories exhibit enhanced adaptability by prioritizing employee empowerment, organizational learning, ethical governance, emotional intelligence, and strategic innovation. The study contributes to the leadership and management literature by providing an integrated perspective on theoretical evolution and highlighting the complementary nature of traditional and contemporary approaches rather than viewing them as competing paradigms. [...]
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- PhD Md Zainal Abedin (Autor), 2026, From Scientific Management to Transformational Leadership. A Critical Review of the Evolution of Leadership and Management Theories, Múnich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/1768972
