The following essay is about farming and it consists of four parts. At first I will illustrate the processes that have taken place in the transition from family farming to industrial livestock farming. The second part will be about the economic advantages modern farming implies for humans and the negative influences it has on animals. Thirdly, I will introduce some measures that have been taken over the last few decades to reconcile the human benefits of such farming methods with the suffering they cause to animals.
Finally, I will show that some resulting compromises between commerce and the animal welfare movement have marked a step forward, but that there is still a lot to be done in order to enhance the life of farm animals.
Farm animals are being taken off the fields and the old lichen covered barns are being replaced by gawky, industrial type buildings into which the animals are put. [...] The sense of unity with [the farmer's] stock which characterizes the traditional farmer is condemned as being uneconomic and sentimental. [...] Factory farm
animals are assessed purely for their ability to convert food into flesh, or `saleable products'. (p. 1)
This is how Ruth Harrison (1964) describes the shift from traditional family farming to modern farming methods like industrial livestock farming. Having a closer look on this shift, one can see that in early modernity from about 1500 to 1800 farm animals were part of a farm's community. They lived much closer to their owners than nowadays, it was even common to live with ones animals
under the same roof in so called "long-houses". Furthermore, most farm animals were given names and some farmers knew their cattle so detailed, that they were able to identify them by their hoof prints (Thomas, 1983, p. 94).
Besides, animals served not only as food, but also as instruments for labour on the acre, and most farmers bred animals for personal consumption or for local markets (Thomas, 1983). This rather idyllic method of farming began dying out in the middle of the 19th
century, when the industrial revolution started in western Europe. [...]
Table of Contents
1. Essay
2. Bibliography
Objectives and Topics
The primary objective of this essay is to critically examine the historical transition from traditional family farming to industrialized livestock farming and its subsequent impact on both human economic interests and animal welfare. The author investigates the necessity of modern intensive farming methods in the face of rising global food demands while highlighting the ethical implications of animal confinement and industrial processing.
- The historical evolution from pastoral farming to industrial livestock systems.
- Economic rationales driving the modernization and mechanization of agriculture.
- Welfare challenges including restricted natural behavior, infectious diseases, and transport stress.
- Legislative measures and international efforts aimed at reconciling industrial productivity with animal welfare.
- The critical role of consumer behavior and high meat consumption in sustaining industrial farming.
Excerpt from the Book
1. Essay
Farm animals are being taken off the fields and the old lichen covered barns are being replaced by gawky, industrial type buildings into which the animals are put. […] The sense of unity with [the farmer’s] stock which characterizes the traditional farmer is condemned as being uneconomic and sentimental. […] Factory farm animals are assessed purely for their ability to convert food into flesh, or ‘saleable products’. (p. 1)
This is how Ruth Harrison (1964) describes the shift from traditional family farming to modern farming methods like industrial livestock farming.
Having a closer look on this shift, one can see that in early modernity from about 1500 to 1800 farm animals were part of a farm’s community. They lived much closer to their owners than nowadays, it was even common to live with ones animals under the same roof in so called “long-houses”. Furthermore, most farm animals were given names and some farmers knew their cattle so detailed, that they were able to identify them by their hoof prints (Thomas, 1983, p. 94).
Summary of Chapters
1. Essay: This chapter provides an overview of the transition from traditional, community-based farming to industrial livestock systems and evaluates the resulting welfare and economic conflicts.
2. Bibliography: This section lists all academic sources, reports, and legislative documents referenced throughout the essay.
Keywords
Industrial livestock farming, Animal welfare, Factory farming, Agricultural history, Green Revolution, Sustainability, Consumer habits, Meat production, Food ethics, Mechanization, Animal husbandry, Environmental impact, Legislation, Modernity.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core focus of this essay?
The essay explores the transformation of agricultural practices, specifically the shift toward industrial livestock farming, and the consequential impact this has on farm animals and consumer demand.
What are the primary themes discussed?
Key themes include the historical shift in farming methods, the economic advantages of automation, animal welfare concerns, legislative interventions, and the influence of modern dietary habits on meat production.
What is the main research objective?
The objective is to highlight the tension between the economic requirements of feeding a growing global population through industrial methods and the ethical necessity of improving animal life conditions.
Which scientific approach does the author use?
The author employs a socio-historical analysis, utilizing literature reviews and documentary evidence to trace the evolution of farming and interpret current welfare standards.
What topics are covered in the main body of the work?
The main body covers the transition to industrial agriculture, the mechanization of farms, specific welfare issues like confinement and transport, and various regulatory attempts to mitigate animal suffering.
Which keywords best characterize the work?
Key terms include industrial livestock farming, animal welfare, factory farming, consumer habits, and sustainable agriculture.
How does the author view the effectiveness of current animal welfare legislation?
The author argues that while regulations provide a formal step forward, they are often inadequate and represent "well-meant excuses" that do not address the systemic issues inherent in industrial farming.
Why does the author suggest that consumer habits are a critical barrier to change?
The author concludes that as long as the demand for meat remains high and affordable, industrial farming will persist because it is the only system currently capable of meeting that level of consumption.
- Citation du texte
- Jens Goldschmidt (Auteur), 2009, Farming - Animal and Human Societies, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/177054
