Following are the components and systems we added in our This is one of our main achievements. Normally these toy design. A carbon fibre rod and specially designed small mechanical helicopters are designed to carry only their own weight. To make the helicopter capable of carrying the extra load of added modules; we parts to incorporate several modules on the helicopter’s body, Special increased the operating battery voltages from 7.8V to 11.1V, 1.8A. heat sinks for motors of the main rotors, IR Range Finders that serve The motors have a maximum rating of 14V and we are operating in a as the basic sensing units, BLDC Motors to implement the Wrong Command Rejection and Optimization (WCRO) Algorithm, An AVR safe range. To achieve this task we had to go through a series of based Isolated modular System that serves as the main controlling experiments with various Power MOSFETs incorporated in place of unit, Payload capability enhancing module, Wireless video camera. original FETs i.e. D150 used in the starting model. One important problem we encountered was that the motors The problem we encountered in achieving this feature was that there was not enough voltage for the gate drive available at the started to get heated up after sometime during the flight. We receiver circuit’s original FETs. To overcome this problem we incorporated our specially designed heat sinks inside the body to overcome this problem. We identified the empty spaces inside the conducted a complete study of the receiver circuit, did reverse helicopter’s body near the main motors and placed the heat sinks engineering on it and extracted signals at different points as shown in there, so that they connect with the body and whole body becomes a Fig. 2. A total of 200mW power is being consumed by the transmitter heat sink; effectively increasing the heat dissipation. module and is working on the principle of PPM (Pulse Position The desired final result was to ensure safe flights and crash Modulation). There are two power ports for the two motors of the avoidance. To achieve this purpose we decided to use IR Range main rotors being powered through the JFETs as numbered. Then Finders and BLDC motors. The challenge was to place them on the there is a small port for the tail rotor. The receiver-transmitter radio helicopter’s body so that they monitor a good effective area around set operates at a frequency of 40 MHz. A piezoelectric gyroscope is the helicopter.
Inhaltsverzeichnis (Table of Contents)
- I. INTRODUCTION
- II. DEVELOPMENT OF THE DESIGN
- A. Design Experimentation
- 1) Tail Rotor Positioning
- 2) Pendulum Effect
- 3) Centre of Gravity and Fulcrum Effect
- B. Design Modifications
- 1) Modified Assembly
- 2) Functions and Results
- a) Payload Carrying Capability Enhancement
- b) The Sensing System
- c) Isolated Embedded System
- d) BLDC Motors for WCRO Algorithm Implementation
- III. MODULES INTERLINKAGE & SIGNAL FLOW
- IV. DESIGN COMPARISONS
- V. CONCLUSION
- VI. FUTURE WORK
- REFERENCES
Zielsetzung und Themenschwerpunkte (Objectives and Key Themes)
This paper details the design and development of a highly cost-effective, semi-autonomous reconnaissance UAV helicopter for safe flights in close environments. The design focuses on modifying a low-cost toy helicopter using a simple non-linear control system, achieving significant performance improvements compared to similar, more expensive UAV helicopters.
- Cost-effective UAV design and development
- Safe flight in close environments
- Payload carrying capability enhancement
- Implementation of the Wrong Command Rejection and Optimization (WCRO) Algorithm
- Utilizing a simple non-linear control system and modified toy helicopter
Zusammenfassung der Kapitel (Chapter Summaries)
The introduction provides context for the importance of UAVs, highlighting their diverse applications in various fields. It outlines the essential components of a typical UAV system and the specific challenges faced in designing civil UAVs.
Chapter II delves into the development of the design, starting with the initial design selection and its advantages. It details various experiments conducted to determine optimal modifications for the helicopter's stability, size, and payload capacity. Based on these findings, the chapter outlines specific design modifications, including the integration of BLDC motors, IR range finders, and a specially designed embedded system.
Chapter III focuses on the interlinkage of the modules and signal flow within the system. It presents a block diagram illustrating the communication and control flow between the sensors, control unit, and BLDC motors. The chapter explains the WCRO algorithm and how it enables safe flights by rejecting wrong commands and reacting to obstacles detected by the IR range finders.
Chapter IV provides a comparison of the designed UAV with other available designs, highlighting the cost-effectiveness, safety features, and payload capabilities of the proposed system.
Chapter V summarizes the project's achievements, emphasizing the successful design modification of the toy helicopter into a highly cost-effective, safe, and payload-capable UAV.
Schlüsselwörter (Keywords)
The main keywords and focus topics include: cost-effective UAV, reconnaissance, semi-autonomous, close environment flights, toy helicopter modification, non-linear control system, BLDC motors, IR range finders, WCRO algorithm, payload carrying capability enhancement, safe flight, crash avoidance.
- Citation du texte
- Muhammad Ishfaq Javed (Auteur), 2012, Modification of a Toy Helicopter into a Highly Cost Effective Unmanned Aerial Vehicle , Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/190796
