Over the last decades there have been numerous regulations and political decisions that influenced the car industry. To these belong simple regulations for emissions, subsidies for specific car forms but not at last also political decisions and developments all over the world. This paper describes some of the important developments over the last decades and their influence on the automotive industry. Furthermore, it is tried to identify learnings from these past developments and future potentials for improvement.
Table of Contents
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Structure of the Paper
- 3 The Oil Crisis 1973
- 3.1 Politics and Regulations That Caused the Crisis
- 3.2 The Impact on the Automotive Industry
- 3.2.1 Western Europe and Germany
- 3.2.2 U.S.A
- 3.2.3 Japan
- 3.3 Learnings From the Past and Their Utilization
- 4 Euro Norms
- 4.1 History and Contents
- 4.1.1 Origins
- 4.1.2 Different Norms
- 4.1.3 Measures and Regulations
- 4.2 Effects on the Development of Automobiles
- 4.1 History and Contents
- 5 Fleet Consumption
- 5.1 Definition of Fleet Consumption
- 5.1.1 Business Cars
- 5.1.2 Cars within a Country
- 5.1.3 Manufacturer's Fleet Consumption
- 5.2 Fleet Consumption Improvement on a Manufacturer's Level
- 5.2.1 BMW Group
- 5.2.2 Porsche
- 5.1 Definition of Fleet Consumption
- 6 Subsidies for Electric Vehicles
- 6.1 Growing Importance of Electric Vehicles
- 6.2 Status Quo
- 6.2.1 Europe
- 6.2.2 U.S.A
- 6.2.3 China
- 6.3 Implications for the Automotive Industry
- 7 Global Economic Crisis 2008 - China as an Example for Emerging Economies
- 7.1 The Effect of the Financial Crisis on the Automotive Industry
- 7.2 Politics and Regulations Caused by the Crisis in 2009 and 2010
- 7.2.1 Subsidies to Eco-Cars
- 7.2.2 Tax Advantages for Automobile Buyers and Manufacturers
- 7.2.3 Car Substitution Incentive
- 7.3 The Impact on the Automotive Industry
- 7.3.1 HEVs Market Growth in China
- 7.3.2 Smaller Size Car Market Growth in China
- 7.3.3 Chinese Automotive Industry Structure Moves to R&D Part
- 7.4 Learnings From the Past and Future Outlook
- 7.4.1 New Politics and Regulations in 2011
- 7.4.2 Future Prospects for HEVs
Objectives and Key Themes
This paper aims to analyze the impact of political regulations and economic crises on the automotive industry, focusing on the interplay between government policies and technological advancements in the sector. It examines specific historical events like the 1973 oil crisis and the 2008 global financial crisis to illustrate these impacts.
- The influence of government regulations on the automotive industry.
- The effects of economic crises on automobile production and consumption.
- The development and adoption of fuel-efficient technologies (e.g., HEVs).
- Government incentives and subsidies in the automotive sector.
- Comparative analysis of the automotive industry across different regions (Europe, USA, Japan, China).
Chapter Summaries
3 The Oil Crisis 1973: This chapter explores the political and regulatory landscape surrounding the 1973 oil crisis and its profound impact on the global automotive industry. It examines the specific policies and regulations that contributed to the crisis and analyzes their consequences in Western Europe (with a focus on Germany), the U.S.A., and Japan. The chapter details the resulting shifts in automotive production and consumer behavior, highlighting the long-term lessons learned and their subsequent utilization in shaping future industry practices. Key aspects include the shortages, price hikes, and subsequent changes in vehicle design and fuel efficiency standards.
4 Euro Norms: This chapter provides a detailed account of the history and content of Euro norms, focusing on their origins, diverse standards, implemented measures, and regulations. It meticulously analyzes the effects of these norms on automobile development, examining how emission standards and other regulatory requirements have influenced vehicle design, manufacturing processes, and technological innovation within the industry. The chapter likely contrasts the different iterations of Euro norms and their progressive stringency.
5 Fleet Consumption: This chapter defines fleet consumption, differentiating between business cars, cars within a country, and a manufacturer's fleet consumption. It then delves into strategies employed by manufacturers to improve fleet consumption, offering case studies of companies like BMW and Porsche, illustrating their specific approaches and the resulting efficiency improvements. The chapter's central theme is likely the complex interplay between regulation, manufacturing practices, and consumer behavior in achieving better fuel economy.
6 Subsidies for Electric Vehicles: This chapter investigates the growing significance of electric vehicles (EVs) and the various governmental policies and subsidies implemented to promote their adoption. The analysis examines the current state of EV markets across Europe, the U.S.A., and China, highlighting the diverse approaches taken by different governments. The chapter will likely discuss the implications of these subsidies for the automotive industry as a whole, examining the challenges and opportunities presented by the shift towards electric mobility.
7 Global Economic Crisis 2008 - China as an Example for Emerging Economies: This chapter analyzes the 2008 global economic crisis and its repercussions on the automotive sector, focusing on China as a representative emerging economy. It dissects the political and regulatory responses to the crisis, including subsidies for eco-friendly cars, tax advantages, and car substitution incentives. The chapter likely examines the impact of these measures on the Chinese automotive industry's structure, market trends (like HEV and smaller car growth), and future prospects for hybrid electric vehicles, shedding light on the industry's response to economic downturn and subsequent recovery.
Keywords
Automotive industry, government regulations, economic crises, fuel efficiency, emission standards, Euro norms, fleet consumption, electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), subsidies, China, Germany, USA, Japan, economic impact, policy analysis.
Frequently Asked Questions: Impact of Political Regulations and Economic Crises on the Automotive Industry
What is the main topic of this document?
This document comprehensively analyzes the impact of political regulations and economic crises on the automotive industry. It focuses on the interplay between government policies and technological advancements, using historical events like the 1973 oil crisis and the 2008 global financial crisis as case studies.
What are the key themes explored in the document?
The key themes include the influence of government regulations, the effects of economic crises on automobile production and consumption, the development and adoption of fuel-efficient technologies (like HEVs), government incentives and subsidies, and a comparative analysis of the automotive industry across different regions (Europe, USA, Japan, China).
What historical events are analyzed in detail?
The document extensively analyzes the 1973 oil crisis and the 2008 global financial crisis, examining their impact on the automotive industry in various countries and the resulting policy responses.
What is covered in the chapter on the 1973 Oil Crisis?
This chapter explores the political and regulatory factors contributing to the 1973 oil crisis and its effects on the automotive industry in Western Europe (particularly Germany), the USA, and Japan. It discusses the resulting shifts in production, consumer behavior, and the lessons learned for future industry practices.
What is discussed in the chapter on Euro Norms?
The chapter details the history and content of Euro norms, their origins, different standards, measures, and regulations. It analyzes their impact on automobile development, including the influence on vehicle design, manufacturing, and technological innovation.
What does the chapter on Fleet Consumption cover?
This chapter defines fleet consumption (differentiating between business cars, national fleets, and manufacturer fleets) and examines strategies used by manufacturers (like BMW and Porsche) to improve fuel efficiency. It focuses on the relationship between regulation, manufacturing, and consumer behavior in achieving better fuel economy.
What is the focus of the chapter on Subsidies for Electric Vehicles?
This chapter examines the growing importance of electric vehicles and government policies/subsidies promoting their adoption. It analyzes the status quo of EV markets in Europe, the USA, and China, discussing the implications of these subsidies for the automotive industry.
What is analyzed in the chapter on the 2008 Global Economic Crisis?
This chapter analyzes the 2008 crisis and its impact on the automotive sector, particularly in China. It examines political and regulatory responses (subsidies for eco-cars, tax advantages, car substitution incentives), their effects on the Chinese automotive industry's structure, market trends (HEVs and smaller cars), and future prospects for HEVs.
Which regions are compared in this document?
The document provides a comparative analysis of the automotive industry across several regions, including Europe (with a focus on Germany), the USA, Japan, and China.
What are the key takeaways from this document?
The document highlights the significant impact of government regulations and economic crises on the automotive industry, emphasizing the dynamic interplay between policy, technology, and market forces in shaping the sector's development and future trajectory.
What are the keywords associated with this document?
Keywords include: Automotive industry, government regulations, economic crises, fuel efficiency, emission standards, Euro norms, fleet consumption, electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), subsidies, China, Germany, USA, Japan, economic impact, policy analysis.
- Citation du texte
- Daniel Grafe (Auteur), 2011, Regulations and their impact on the Automotive Industry, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/194157
