Bereits Goethe implizierte in seinem Sprichwort, wie fatal es sein kann, zu handeln ohne weder Ziele noch Risiken zu kennen oder zu bedenken. Das Risiko-management eines Unternehmens baut auf diesem Gedanken auf und hat sich in Großunternehmen bereits etabliert. Aber auch für kleine und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) gewinnt das Risikomanagement zunehmend an Bedeutung und stellt ein betriebswirtschaftliches Instrument zur Risikobewältigung dar.
Aufgrund Ihrer Heterogenität und Vielfalt werden KMU häufig als tragende Säule der Wirtschaft bezeichnet. Jedoch sind auch sie in allen Lebensphasen Risiken ausgesetzt, die zu einer Minderung des Unternehmenserfolges und je nach Ausprägung mittel- bis langfristig zur Existenzbedrohung des Unternehmens führen können.
Ein weltweit abgestütztes Regelwerk, das eine verbindliche Leitlinie für das Risikomanagement darstellt, wurde am 15. November 2009 veröffentlicht. Es handelt sich hierbei um die internationale Norm ISO 31000 „Risk management - Principles and guidelines“. Sie soll nicht nur großen Organisationen helfen, die Spezialisierung des Risikomanagements zu bewältigen sondern vermehrt auch KMU. Denn spätestens seit den enormen internationalen wirtschaftlichen Verflechtungen tangieren die daraus resultierende Probleme nicht mehr nur international agierende Konzerne, sondern in zunehmenden Maße auch KMU.
In dieser Seminararbeit werden in Kapitel 2 die Begriffe Risiko und Risikomanagement erklärt und auf Bedeutung des Risikomanagements im Rahmen der Risikomanagement-Norm ISO 31000 eingegangen. Nachfolgend werden in Kapitel 3 die Bedeutung und die Anforderungen des Risikomanagemets in KMU erläutert und mit einer Wirtschaftlichkeitsbetrachtung abgerundet. Die herausgearbeiteten Aspekte werden in Kapitel 4 in einem Fazit nochmals zusammengefasst.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. The Relation between Poet and Nature
3. The Construction of Nature as Positive Counterpart to Culture
4. The Divine Power of Nature
5. Nature as Teacher of Man and Source of Ultimate Truth
6. Conclusion
Objectives and Core Topics
This paper examines the concept and representation of nature in William Wordsworth’s lyrical ballad "The Tables Turned" (1798), exploring how the poet constructs nature as a positive, divine, and morally educational force in contrast to the perceived constraints of rational culture and scientific inquiry.
- Analysis of the relationship between the poet and the natural environment.
- The construction of nature as a positive counterpart to culture and society.
- The manifestation of divine power and transcendence within nature.
- Nature’s role as a teacher of man and a source of ultimate truth.
Excerpt from the Book
The Divine Power of Nature
Due to the growth of rationalism and analytical thinking during the Enlightenment, the adjacent period of Romanticism was characterized by spiritual confusion and a “shift in religious ideas” (Neumann 2010: 124). But instead of turning towards Christianity to seek for answers, Neumann explains that writers rather tended to quest for more “personal spiritual truth” (2010: 124). This idea also takes effect in Wordsworth’s “The Tables Turned”.
In l. 17-20, he illustrates that it is nature that offers access to ultimate truth and answers to acute questions, not culture or religion in the conventional sense. According to Wordsworth, the truth that can be accessed by engaging in nature considerably deviates from the truth which can be gained by studying books and by analytical questioning, since the truth of nature comprises a more subjective, spiritual and extensive understanding of the world. At this point, Robinson states that for Wordsworth, the ability to perceive this verity and the concomitant spirit of nature is exercised “through sensory experience of nature” (2010: 41). This statement can be confirmed by referring to “The Tables Turned”, where the poet emphasizes that the spiritual insight into ultimate truth can only be reached by deeply engaging in nature and by opening one’s minds and hearts for the impulses and insights nature makes perceivable to those who are willing to vanquish the restrictions of culture and of scientific thinking.
In the poem, this uplifting power of nature equals a transcendental encounter, enabling spiritual insight that is beyond ordinary human understanding and experience. These supernatural facets and experiences of a transcendent power manifested in nature seem in the opinion of Wordsworth to be commensurable with a divine experience.
Summary of Chapters
1. Introduction: This chapter contextualizes the Romantic period and introduces the research aim of analyzing nature in Wordsworth’s "The Tables Turned".
2. The Relation between Poet and Nature: This section explores how Wordsworth genders nature and utilizes it as a source of poetic inspiration and emotional connection.
3. The Construction of Nature as Positive Counterpart to Culture: This chapter highlights the binary opposition between the "dull" constraints of rational culture and the vibrant freedom found in nature.
4. The Divine Power of Nature: This section investigates the pantheistic elements in the poem, interpreting nature as a direct manifestation of the divine.
5. Nature as Teacher of Man and Source of Ultimate Truth: This chapter discusses Wordsworth’s pedagogical view of nature as a superior moral educator compared to books and scientific study.
6. Conclusion: This chapter synthesizes the main findings and suggests the relevance of Romantic ecological perspectives in the 21st century.
Keywords
William Wordsworth, The Tables Turned, Romanticism, Nature, Ecocriticism, Divine Power, Enlightenment, Rationalism, Poetic Inspiration, Moral Education, Pantheism, Culture, Sensory Experience, Transcendence, Literature.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core focus of this research paper?
The paper focuses on the interpretation of "nature" in William Wordsworth's poem "The Tables Turned" and how he positions it against the rationalist culture of his time.
What are the central themes discussed in the work?
The central themes include the opposition between nature and culture, the divinity of the natural world, the role of nature as a moral educator, and the Romantic critique of scientific reductionism.
What is the primary research question?
The paper aims to examine how Wordsworth describes the dimensions of the natural environment and uses his poetry to mediate between human existence and the sublime power of nature.
Which scientific approach does the author use?
The author employs a literary analysis method, interpreting the poem's imagery and lines in connection with secondary scholarly literature and the historical context of the Romantic period.
What topics are covered in the main body?
The main body covers the relationship between the poet and nature, the depiction of nature as a positive refuge, the divine/pantheistic qualities attributed to natural objects, and nature's role in providing wisdom.
Which keywords best characterize the work?
Keywords such as Romanticism, Nature, Divine Power, Moral Education, and Poetic Inspiration define the core of the analysis.
How does Wordsworth distinguish between the "bookish" knowledge of his time and the wisdom of nature?
Wordsworth argues that analytical "meddling intellect" leads to moral and emotional blindness, whereas engaging with nature intuitively provides a more profound, spontaneous truth.
Why does the poet refer to nature as "female" in his poem?
The author suggests that gendering nature as female serves to illustrate Wordsworth's view of nature as a "great mother" or a life-giving, independent source of presence comparable to the goddess Gaia.
What is the significance of the "throstle" or bird in the poem?
The bird is depicted as a "preacher" and a messenger from heaven, epitomizing the freedom of nature and serving as an artistic "musician" superior to human cultural constructs.
- Citar trabajo
- Anne Volkmer (Autor), 2012, The Concept of "Nature" in William Wordsworth's "The Tables Turned", Múnich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/204590
