The in vitro antimicrobial activity of crude methanol and aqueous extracts of the seeds of Bucholzia coriacea were investigated. The extracts exhibited antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumonia, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhii, Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the ethanol extract was between 0.50 – 6.00 mgml-1 while the minimum bactericidal concentration ranged from 2.0 – 10.0. The methanol and water extracts exhibited antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger with zones of inhibition of 7.50 and 2.80mm for Candida albicans; and 6.0 and 2.0 for Aspergillus niger. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides and alkaloids in the ethanolic and water extracts. The ability of the ethanol extract of Bucholzia coriacea seeds to inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi is an indication of its broad spectrum antimicrobial potential which justifies its utilization in traditional medicine in treatment of infections.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1 Plant Material and Extraction
2.2 Phytochemical Tests
2.3 Microorganisms
2.4 Antibacterial Activity
2.5 Anti fungal activity
2.6 Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
2.7 Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)
3. Results and discussion
Research Objectives and Themes
This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial effects and phytochemical profile of methanolic and aqueous extracts derived from the seeds of Bucholzia coriacea to determine their potential as alternative treatments for infective diseases.
- Phytochemical screening of seed extracts
- In vitro antimicrobial evaluation against bacterial and fungal strains
- Determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)
- Assessment of Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC)
- Comparative analysis of ethanolic versus aqueous extract efficacy
Excerpt from the Book
PLANT MATERIAL AND EXTRACTION
Bucholzia coriacea pods were harvested in the forest at Elele, Rivers State of Nigeria and its identity authenticated by a taxonomist at the Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Madonna University, Elele, where a voucher specimen was deposited. The fresh seeds were removed from their pods, sliced into tiny particles to facilitate drying and shade dried for fourteen days. The dried seeds were pulverized using an electric mill. A 250 g of the powder was extracted by maceration in ethanol for forty eight hours. The extract was filtered using Whatman no. 1 filter paper and concentrated using a rotary evaporator. The resultant extract was stored in a refrigerator at 4oC. For the aqueous extract, 250 g of the powered seed was extracted through cold maceration with water as the solvent for forty eight hours. The resultant extract was concentrated with a rotary evaporator and stored in a refrigerator at 4oC.
Summary of Chapters
Introduction: Provides the background on antimicrobial resistance and introduces Bucholzia coriacea as a traditional medicinal plant requiring further scientific validation.
Materials and Methods: Details the systematic procedure for plant collection, extraction processes, the identification of phytochemical components, and the laboratory techniques used to test antimicrobial activity.
Results and discussion: Presents the experimental findings regarding the phytochemical composition and the inhibitory performance of the extracts against various microorganisms compared to standard antibiotics.
Keywords
Bucholzia coriacea, antimicrobial activity, phytochemical screening, methanol extract, aqueous extract, drug resistance, medicinal plants, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, MIC, Minimum Bactericidal Concentration, MBC, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, traditional medicine.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the primary focus of this research?
The research focuses on investigating the in vitro antimicrobial potential and phytochemical constituents of Bucholzia coriacea seed extracts.
What are the central themes of the study?
The study centers on the identification of bioactive phytochemicals and the efficacy of plant-based extracts against resistant bacterial and fungal pathogens.
What is the main research objective?
The objective is to validate the medicinal use of Bucholzia coriacea by scientifically evaluating its ability to inhibit or kill harmful microorganisms.
Which scientific methods were employed?
The researchers used maceration for extraction, agar well diffusion for antimicrobial testing, and broth dilution methods for determining MIC and MBC.
What topics are covered in the main body?
The main body covers the extraction methodology, phytochemical screening tests, microbial testing protocols, and a detailed discussion of the inhibitory zones observed.
Which keywords characterize this paper?
Key terms include antimicrobial activity, Bucholzia coriacea, phytochemical screening, bacterial resistance, and clinical isolates.
How does the methanol extract compare to the water extract?
The methanol extract demonstrated significantly greater antimicrobial activity compared to the water extract, which showed low or negligible activity against the tested bacteria.
What was the result of the phytochemical screening?
The screening confirmed the presence of tannins, saponins, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, and alkaloids, which are compounds known for their curative properties.
How were the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations determined?
MICs were determined using the broth dilution method, observing the lowest concentration of the extract that prevented visible microbial growth.
- Citar trabajo
- Kingsley Adimabua (Autor), G. A. Awemu (Autor), A. U. D. Aniekan (Autor), A. M. Odiegwu (Autor), 2013, Antimicrobial and Phytochemical Studies on Extracts of Bucholzia coriacea Seeds, Múnich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/207815
