In 1999, after the war in Kosovo, new developments took place affecting the electrical infrastructure, the same as other infrastructures in Kosovo. Households began to concentrate in the city and its suburb areas. This situation led to an increased demand for electric energy supply. On the other hand, the existing network was not designed to respond to such a flux of increased of customers.
This Capstone Project addresses an important problem regarding the power quality which is very common in Kosovo. It describes the context of power quality in distribution systems and deals more specifically with the corresponding diagnostics and implementation. It develops a precise and effective technique and method for the analysis how to improve a quality of electrical energy in Kosovo. The challenge of this project was to upgrade the existing design of network, and bring and build a new design of distribution system electric energy in Prishtina, saving energy which is being lost in distribution networks and improve the stability of particularly the electrical energy in Prishtina area.
This project involves technical and managerial prospects for solving the problems which are facing KEK employees and the customers in northern Prishtina. Moreover, the project provides experiences from other countries for making comparison with those in Kosovo.
The distribution network situation during 90’s in Kosovo was as a status quo. Due to the political situation there was no interest to invest in Kosovo. This resulted in gradual deterioration of the distribution network area.
This project based on the very latest studies, on increasing the reliability of quality of power energy supply up to the last customer. This project also considers the reduction of technical losses. The main goals of this project concerns the need for increasing the high level of voltage, necessary number of lines, substations and improve low voltage networks.
If it is possible to establish a scale of human needs, giving importance to the achievements of modern time and the way of living of modern human being, then for sure the electrical energy would take one of the top positions.
Table of Contents
1. ABSTRACT
2. OVERVIEW
2.1. Energy technical losses in Kosovo
2.2. Energy technical losses in Europe
2.3. Northern Prishtina as a study case
2.3.1. Middle voltage network in SS 110/10(20)kV Prishtina 5
2.3.2. Low Voltage Network in northern Prishtina
2.3.3. SS 35/10kV Besia
3. QUALITY STANDARDS
3.1. Voltage quality regulation in Europe
3.2. Voltage quality regulation in Kosovo
3.3. Technical losses and drop voltages in Northern Prishtina as a study case
4. PREPARATION OF PROJECT AND CONTRACTS
4.1. Simulations with Gredos and Power Factory software
4.2. Data collections
4.3. Contractual arrangements
5. POTENTIAL TECHNICAL DESIGN OPTIONS
5.1. Improve stability in middle voltage network – provide the transition from level of voltage 10kV into 20kV
5.1.1. Upgrade the cross section of the conductors and built lines for reserve supply
5.1.2. Transition from voltage level 10kV into 20kV.
5.2. Improve stability in LVN
5.2.1. Establishing phase symmetry
5.2.2. Rehabilitation of LVN
5.2.3. New SS 20/0.4kV
5.2.4. Compensation of the reactive energy
5.3. Besia SS 35/10kV
5.4. Summary of chapter 5 - priorities
6. DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT RESOURCES
6.1. Project supports
6.2. Managerial approaches
6.3. Human Resources and Team Selection
6.4. Training Needs and Security Procedures
6.5. Communication with Internal and External stakeholders
7. RISK MANAGEMENT PLANNING AND BUDGET ESTIMATES
7.1. Identify and mitigate risks
7.1.1. Strengths
7.1.2. Weaknesses
7.1.3. Opportunities
7.1.4. Threats
7.2. Budgeting and cost estimation
8. DESIGN THE EVALUATION OF THE PROJECT
8.1. Determining cost benefit
8.2. Social benefits
8.3. Environmental protection
8.4. Growing interests of businesses
9. DISCUSSIONS, FUTURE WORKS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
9.1. Technical Future Works
9.2. Financial Future Considerations
9.3. Northern Prishtina Recommendations
9.4. Activities in Long Term Plans
9.5. Future Project Selection Criteria
9.6. Recommendations Having Highest Priorities
9.7. Summary
10. References
11. Annexes
Objectives & Core Themes
This work aims to identify and implement effective technical and managerial methods to improve the power quality and stability of the electrical energy distribution network in the northern Prishtina region of Kosovo. The research addresses the persistent issue of high technical losses and poor power quality by evaluating infrastructure upgrades, network design changes, and the integration of modern grid technologies.
- Analysis of technical and energy losses in Kosovo’s distribution network.
- Implementation of transition strategies from 10kV to 20kV voltage levels.
- Evaluation of network management resources and project risk mitigation.
- Improvement of supply stability and voltage quality for diverse customer segments.
- Assessment of cost-benefit ratios and socio-economic impacts of infrastructure investments.
Book Excerpt
2.3. Northern Prishtina as a study case
In this research, northern Prishtina has been used as a case for analysis. The reasons why northern Prishtina has been chosen as a study case are:
- There is no need to invest in the main supply or substation 110/10(20) kV, because this substation exists. Existing SS has the possibility of transformation from 110/10kV and 110/20kV which is needed for the project.
- The main idea of this research is to promote the transition from level 10kV into 20kV. In Prishtina 5, about 50% of the existing equipment in middle voltage network can work as 20kV
- The structure for studying is more interesting because of its urban and rural areas
- The network in this part of Prishtina looks like ‘a spider network’, due to many air conductors through the roads
- The technical losses in this part of Prishtina are the highest compared to the other areas in Prishtina
The region of northern Prishtina is supplied by substation SS 110/10(20) kV Prishtina 5. This substation supplies about twelve thousands customers. It has sixteen feeders 10kV with 111 SS 10/0.4kV. The northern Prishtina is shown in figure 2.4.
Summary of Chapters
1. ABSTRACT: Provides an overview of the power quality issues in Kosovo and introduces the project's goal to upgrade the distribution network in Prishtina to reduce losses and improve stability.
2. OVERVIEW: Examines the current status of the electrical distribution network in Kosovo and details the specific characteristics of northern Prishtina as a study case.
3. QUALITY STANDARDS: Discusses European and local standards for electrical voltage regulation and analyzes technical losses and voltage drops in the study area.
4. PREPARATION OF PROJECT AND CONTRACTS: Describes the tools used for network simulation, data gathering, and the requirements for contractual arrangements with stakeholders.
5. POTENTIAL TECHNICAL DESIGN OPTIONS: Outlines technical solutions, primarily the transition from 10kV to 20kV and the improvement of the Low Voltage Network, to enhance grid stability.
6. DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT RESOURCES: Focuses on the organizational requirements, managerial approaches, and team selection necessary for executing the project effectively.
7. RISK MANAGEMENT PLANNING AND BUDGET ESTIMATES: Evaluates potential project risks using SWOT analysis and provides budget projections and cost-benefit estimations.
8. DESIGN THE EVALUATION OF THE PROJECT: Explains the expected outcomes, focusing on cost benefits, social advantages, environmental protection, and business development.
9. DISCUSSIONS, FUTURE WORKS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Synthesizes the findings and provides specific technical and financial recommendations for future network development.
Keywords
Electrical Energy, Distribution Network, Power Quality, Technical Losses, Voltage Regulation, Northern Prishtina, Grid Stability, Infrastructure Upgrades, 10kV to 20kV Transition, Risk Management, Project Management, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Energy Efficiency, KEK, Substations
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the primary focus of this work?
The work primarily focuses on addressing poor power quality and stability issues in Kosovo’s electrical distribution network, using northern Prishtina as a case study to demonstrate technical and managerial improvements.
What are the central themes of the research?
Central themes include technical loss reduction, infrastructure modernization, the transition to higher voltage levels (20kV), and the implementation of efficient project management strategies.
What is the core objective of the project?
The primary objective is to upgrade the existing design of the distribution network to achieve higher reliability, reduce technical losses, and ensure that electrical energy supply meets modern quality standards.
Which scientific methods were employed?
The research employs network simulation using Gredos and Power Factory software, combined with field data collection, SWOT analysis for risk management, and cost-benefit analysis based on technical loss reduction.
What is covered in the main section of the book?
The main section covers a detailed assessment of existing network conditions, proposed technical design solutions (such as conductor upgrades and transformer changes), and the management framework required for project implementation.
What keywords characterize the research?
Key terms include Distribution Network, Power Quality, Technical Losses, Grid Stability, Infrastructure Upgrades, and Project Management.
Why was Northern Prishtina chosen as the study area?
It was chosen because the existing substation (Prishtina 5) has the capability to support the necessary 110/20kV transformation, and the region exhibits a mix of urban and rural network challenges, making it an ideal pilot for transition.
What role does the transition from 10kV to 20kV play?
It is presented as the most effective solution for significantly reducing technical losses and voltage drops in the middle voltage network, allowing a large portion of existing equipment to function more efficiently.
How are project risks addressed?
Risks are addressed through a structured SWOT analysis, identifying internal strengths and weaknesses and external opportunities and threats, followed by management plans to mitigate identified bottlenecks and financial constraints.
- Citar trabajo
- MSc. Lutfije Dervishi (Autor), 2010, Improve Stability Operations in Kosovo´s Electrical Energy Distribution Network, Múnich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/209722
