Die Figur des Vampirs besteht bereits seit Jahrhunderten und hat bis heute nichts an ihrer Anziehungskraft verloren. Auch wenn die literarische Darstellung des Vampirs nicht mehr viel gemein hat mit den historischen Ursprüngen, so beruht der Vampirglaube doch auf wahren Begebenheiten und wurde auf dessen Höhepunkt im 18. Jahrhundert mit einer Kombination des damaligen Wissens, aber auch Aberglauben, interpretiert. So sind etwa die sogenannte Vampirkrankheit und deren Symptome heutzutage medizinisch erklärbar.
In der Literatur legte Bram Stoker mit seinem Roman Dracula den Grundstein für die Erfolgsgeschichte des Vampirs. Er schuf etwas Unheimliches, ein Monster in der Gestalt eines Gentleman. Gleichzeitig behandelte er unterdrückte moralische Aspekte und Sexualität im viktorianischen Zeitalter. Das Böse, der Gesellschaft Abtrünnige wurde in Gestalt des Wiedergängers personifiziert. Grenzen zwischen Gut und Böse, Mensch und Nicht-Mensch, Tod und Leben werden verwischt und unkenntlich gemacht.
Erst Anne Rice gelang es mit ihrer Chronik der Vampire, besonders mit dem ersten Roman Interview mit einem Vampir, die Welt der blutsaugenden Geschöpfe auf den Kopf zu stellen. Ihre Vampire waren nicht mehr die seelenlosen Monster, sondern verehrte Wesen, deren Zustand zwischen Leben und Tod als Geschenk und nicht als Fluch angesehen wurde. Das Fremde und Andere in Gestalt des Grafen Dracula wurde verdammt, das Leben von Rice Vampiren allerdings als äußerst erstrebenswert erachtet.
Wurden in dieser Arbeit nur zwei, wenn auch sehr grundlegende, Werke mit weitreichender Verbreitung behandelt, so zeigt sich bereits hier, dass es die eine stereotype Darstellung des Vampirs nicht gibt. Zwar herrscht eine etwaige Vorstellung vom Aussehen und Verhalten eines Wiedergängers. So besitzt ein Vampir etwa lange, spitze Zähne, bleiche Haut, meidet das Sonnenlicht und ernährt sich von Blut. Jedoch ist die literarische Darstellung derart facettenreich, dass es schwer, wenn nicht gar unmöglich ist, eine genaue Definition zu geben. Die Figur des Wiedergängers verändert sich mit der Zeit und hängt ebenso von der Epoche, in der er erschaffen wurde, ab. Großen Einfluss nehmen dabei die moralischen Vorstellungen, Verlangen und Restriktionen der jeweiligen Ära. Das Fremde und Andere in der Personifikation des Vampirs stellt etwas Unheimliches und Unterdrücktes dar. Etwas, das die Menschen fürchten, nach dem sie sich aber gleichzeitig auch sehnen.
Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Theories of Stereotypes and Otherness
- 3. Historical Origin of the Vampire Figure
- 4. Otherness in Bram Stoker's Dracula
- 4.1 Plot Summary
- 4.2 Body of Vampires
- 4.3 Behavior of Vampires
- 4.4 Sexuality
- 4.5 Power Relationships
- 4.6 Knowledge
- 5. Otherness in Anne Rice's Interview with the Vampire
- 5.1 Plot Summary
- 5.2 Body of Vampires
- 5.3 Behavior of Vampires
- 5.4 Sexuality
- 5.5 Aesthetic and Humanized Vampires
- 5.6 Knowledge
Objectives and Key Themes
This paper compares the portrayal of vampires in Bram Stoker's Dracula and Anne Rice's Interview with the Vampire, analyzing how the figure evolved over time. The objective is to identify key differences in the depiction of vampires, focusing on their physical attributes, behavior, sexuality, and the role of knowledge in their narratives. The contrasting perspectives of the narrators are also examined.
- Evolution of the Vampire Figure in Literature
- Thematic Differences in Portrayal of Vampires
- Role of Perspective and Narrative Structure
- Exploration of Otherness and Stereotypes
- Impact of Social and Cultural Context
Chapter Summaries
1. Introduction: This introductory chapter sets the stage for the comparative analysis of vampire portrayals in Bram Stoker's Dracula and Anne Rice's Interview with the Vampire. It highlights the significant shift in the depiction of vampires from the monstrous creature of Stoker's novel to the more nuanced and sympathetic figures in Rice's work. The chapter contrasts the seductive and romantic vampires of modern media with the original, terrifying image presented by Stoker, and introduces the contrasting narrative styles: Stoker's epistolary novel versus Rice's first-person account. The introduction establishes the paper's central argument: that the portrayal of vampires differs significantly due to the distinct perspectives and narrative strategies employed by the authors.
2. Theories of Stereotypes and Otherness: This chapter lays the theoretical groundwork for the subsequent analysis. It introduces the relevant theories of stereotypes and otherness, providing a framework for understanding how the vampire figure is constructed and perceived as "other" in relation to human society. This theoretical framework is essential for analyzing the characteristics of vampires in both novels, identifying how these attributes reinforce or subvert societal norms and expectations, and understanding the power dynamics at play. The chapter prepares the reader for a nuanced analysis of how Stoker and Rice utilize the concepts of Self and Other in their respective narratives.
3. Historical Origin of the Vampire Figure: This chapter explores the historical origins of the vampire myth, tracing its evolution from folklore and legend to its literary representations. It examines the beliefs surrounding vampires, their physical characteristics, and their motivations. The chapter connects the folkloric vampire to the literary vampires examined in later chapters, establishing a historical context that allows for a deeper understanding of the evolution of the vampire archetype. The chapter also likely touches upon the specific historical figure or figures that inspired Bram Stoker's creation of Count Dracula, further contextualizing the narrative development.
4. Otherness in Bram Stoker's Dracula: This chapter provides an in-depth analysis of the vampire figure in Bram Stoker's Dracula through the lens of the theories presented in Chapter 2. It examines how Stoker constructs the Count as a figure of "Otherness," highlighting his physical attributes, behavior, sexuality, and power relationships with other characters. The chapter explores how Stoker employs various narrative techniques, including the epistolary style, to create a sense of authenticity and suspense, immersing the reader in the gothic atmosphere. Key aspects, like the vampire's power over women and the eventual triumph of human knowledge over the supernatural, are analyzed.
5. Otherness in Anne Rice's Interview with the Vampire: This chapter parallels Chapter 4 but focuses on Anne Rice's Interview with the Vampire. It contrasts Rice's portrayal of vampires with Stoker's, analyzing how Rice subverts traditional vampire tropes. The analysis concentrates on the humanization of the vampire characters, their capacity for complex emotions and inner conflicts, and their integration into human society. The chapter also examines the aesthetic and narrative choices that contribute to a feeling of identification rather than horror. The reversed perspective, where a vampire narrates their life, creates a crucial difference in the reader's experience compared to Stoker's approach.
Keywords
Vampire, Dracula, Interview with the Vampire, Bram Stoker, Anne Rice, Gothic literature, Otherness, Stereotypes, Sexuality, Power, Knowledge, Narrative perspective, Humanization, Literary analysis, Comparative literature.
Frequently Asked Questions: A Comparative Analysis of Vampire Portrayals in Dracula and Interview with the Vampire
What is the main focus of this academic paper?
This paper compares and contrasts the portrayal of vampires in Bram Stoker's Dracula and Anne Rice's Interview with the Vampire. It analyzes how the vampire figure evolved over time, focusing on key differences in their physical attributes, behavior, sexuality, and the role of knowledge within each narrative. The contrasting perspectives of the narrators are also a key element of the analysis.
What are the key themes explored in the paper?
The paper explores several key themes, including the evolution of the vampire figure in literature; thematic differences in the portrayal of vampires; the role of perspective and narrative structure; the exploration of otherness and stereotypes; and the impact of social and cultural context on the vampire myth.
What is the structure of the paper?
The paper is structured into five chapters. Chapter 1 provides an introduction, setting the stage for the comparative analysis. Chapter 2 introduces relevant theories of stereotypes and otherness. Chapter 3 explores the historical origins of the vampire myth. Chapters 4 and 5 provide in-depth analyses of the vampire figures in Dracula and Interview with the Vampire, respectively, comparing and contrasting their portrayals.
How does the paper analyze the vampire figures in each novel?
The analysis in Chapters 4 and 5 examines various aspects of the vampire figures, including their physical attributes (body), behavior, sexuality, and power relationships. It also considers the role of knowledge and how the narrative perspectives shape the reader's understanding of these characters. The analysis considers how each author utilizes narrative techniques to create a specific effect (e.g., horror in Stoker, empathy in Rice).
What are the key differences between the vampire portrayals in Dracula and Interview with the Vampire?
The paper highlights a significant shift in the depiction of vampires from the monstrous, terrifying creature in Stoker's novel to the more nuanced, sympathetic, and even romantic figures in Rice's work. Stoker's Dracula is presented as a figure of pure evil and "otherness," while Rice's vampires exhibit a greater capacity for complex emotions and inner conflict, leading to a more humanized portrayal.
What theoretical framework is used in the analysis?
The analysis draws upon theories of stereotypes and otherness to understand how the vampire figure is constructed and perceived as "other" in relation to human society. This framework helps to analyze how the characteristics of vampires in both novels reinforce or subvert societal norms and expectations, and to understand the power dynamics at play.
What is the significance of narrative perspective in the analysis?
The contrasting narrative styles—Stoker's epistolary novel versus Rice's first-person account—significantly impact the reader's experience and understanding of the vampires. The different perspectives shape how the "otherness" of the vampire is presented and how the reader engages with the characters.
What are the keywords associated with this paper?
The keywords include: Vampire, Dracula, Interview with the Vampire, Bram Stoker, Anne Rice, Gothic literature, Otherness, Stereotypes, Sexuality, Power, Knowledge, Narrative perspective, Humanization, Literary analysis, Comparative literature.
- Citar trabajo
- Janina Nußbaumer (Autor), 2010, The Vampire in Literature: A Comparison of Stoker’s "Dracula" and Rice’s "Interview with the Vampire", Múnich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/210879
