Physical anthropologists study genetic variation and evolution of man and physical anthropology deals with the comparative biology of man; hence it occupies an important place in the field of human biology. Due to enormous increase in the perspectives of physical anthropology, it is difficult to give an acceptable universal definition. The foundations of modern physical anthropology, like those of modern biology, rest on neo-Darwinian theory, which provides the common background for a diverse discipline that lacks a common set of methods. Physical anthropologists recognize that the interaction between human culture and biology has shaped and maintained our species, and that full understanding of the processes responsible requires consideration of both biology and culture. A large number of studies have been conducted in different parts of the world, including India to find out the variation of the genetic markers in human blood, viz., (1) blood group polymorphisms: the ABO system, the Rh (D)system, the MNSs system, the Duffy system, the Lutheran system, the Kell system, the Kidd system, secretor and non-secretor system; (2) serum protein polymorphisms: haptoglobin system, transferring system, group specific component system, etc.; (3) enzyme polymorphism: red cell acid phosphatase system, phosphoglucomutase system, 6- phospogluconate dehydrogenase system, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase system, etc.; and (4) blood cell proteins: haemoglobin variants. The most recent trend in that direction is characterized by the studies at the molecular level (Roberts, 1991; Venkatramana et al., 2001; Duggirala et al., 2004; Arya et al., 2004; Reddy et al., 2005).
Index
Acknowledgement
List of tables
List of figures
Abbreviations
Chapter 1
Introduction
Chapter 2
Material and Methods
Chapter 3
Results and Discussion
Chapter 4
Summary and Conclusions
Chapter 5
References
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
By the blessings of God and parents, the help and guidance rendered to me by a host of people, I could complete of this research work.
I am deeply indebted to my research supervisor Dr. P. Chengal Reddy, Professor, Department of Anthropology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, for his involvement right from the selection of the research problem. His constant encouragement, able guidance and enthusiasm made me to finish this research on time. I know mere words are insufficient to thank him and convey my true feelings.
I am thankful to the Head, Department of Anthropology for providing me the necessary facilities to carry out this research work. I take this opportunity to thank all the faculty members of the Department for their encouragement and help on different occasions.
I express my deep gratitude to Dr. P. Venkatramana, Senior Research Associate, Department of Anthropology, for his guidance and extreme help at every stage of this work which made this thesis possible in the present form. I am also thankful to Dr. K.K. Reddy for his suggestions.
I am indeed grateful to my colleague Mr. P. Annaiah, for his help during data collection. My special thanks are due to my friends Mr. K. Ramakoti Reddy and Mr. M. Prasad during the period of data collection. I record my thanks to my colleagues Mr. M. Gangaramaiah, Mr. K. Prabhakar and other friends, and well wishers for their help during the field work.
I am very much thankful to Mr. Pradeep Kumar and Mr. Ravi who helped me during laboratory analysis.
I express my sincere thanks to Prof. K.V.S. Sarma, Department of Statistics, S. V. University, Tirupati and Dr. Deepa Raj, M. V. Diabetes Research center, Chennai for their timely help in the data analysis.
I am indebted to my mother Smt. Marry Pakala and my father Sri. Chengalrayan Pakala to whom no amounts of verbosity would do justice to their contribution to my growth as a human being and towards my overall personality. I am also thankful brothers Mr. Dathendra Prasanna Pakala, Mr. Surendra Babu Pakala and sister-in-law Dr. Sirisha T who have instilled strength, support and inspiration at all times during my course of research.
I am gratefully acknowledged the financial support (Young Scientist Fellowship) of Andhra Pradesh Council of Science & Technology (APCOST), Hyderabad to carryout this work.
Last but not the least I would like to thank all the subjects for their cheerful cooperation during the data collection.
TIRUPATI ( CHANDRASEKHAR RAO. P )
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