Biotechnologists in recent years have come up with a new concept. This new concept is about edible vaccine. Edible vaccines are composed of antigenic proteins and do not contain pathogenic genes (because obviously they use attenuated strains). Thus, they have no way of establishing infection and safety is assured. Edible vaccines hold great promise as a cost-effective, easy-to-administer, easy-to-store, fail-safe and socioculturally readily acceptable vaccine delivery system, especially for the poor developing countries. It involves introduction of selected desired genes into plants and then inducing these altered plants to manufacture the encoded proteins. Resistance to genetically modified foods may affect the future of edible vaccines. This Review article include many aspects related to plant derived vaccine like Molecular farming, Process of development of plant derived vaccines,Mechanism of action.recent research regarding development of edible vaccines against cholera, malaria, Hepatites B, rabies etc.The review article gives a overall picture of Plant derived vaccine
Table of Contents
- Abstract
- Introduction
- History of plant derived vaccine
- Molecular farming
Objectives and Key Themes
This review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of plant-derived vaccines, exploring their development, mechanisms of action, and potential as a cost-effective and accessible vaccination strategy, particularly for developing countries. The review also addresses challenges such as public resistance to genetically modified foods.
- Cost-effective vaccine production
- Mechanism of plant-based vaccine production
- Challenges and advantages of using plants for vaccine production
- Applications of plant-derived vaccines for various diseases
- The role of molecular farming in plant-derived vaccine development
Chapter Summaries
Abstract: This abstract introduces the concept of edible vaccines, highlighting their potential as a cost-effective and easily administered vaccination system. It emphasizes the use of attenuated strains, ensuring safety, and discusses the process of introducing genes into plants to produce antigenic proteins. The abstract also acknowledges potential challenges related to public acceptance of genetically modified foods and provides a brief overview of the review article's content.
Introduction: The introduction explains the plant-based vaccine production method, which involves transferring a gene from a protein that triggers a human immune response into bacteria, which then infect plant cells. These cells produce the protein used for vaccination. This method offers advantages in cost-effectiveness and scalability, potentially providing vaccine access to underserved populations. The introduction contrasts this method with traditional subunit vaccines produced in mammalian, yeast, or insect cells, emphasizing the higher cost and heat sensitivity of the latter.
History of plant derived vaccine: This section recounts the history of plant-derived vaccines, beginning with a 1990 patent application for the production of an edible vaccine from Streptococcus in tobacco. It highlights the progress in vaccine technology and the increasing success of immunization campaigns, while also acknowledging the limitations of traditional vaccines, especially in underdeveloped countries. It details early experiments using tobacco, and later tomatoes and potatoes, to produce antigens against various pathogens such as E. coli, Norwalk virus, and Hepatitis B, showcasing the expanding applications of this technology.
Molecular farming: This section details the molecular farming process, explaining how selected genes are introduced into plants to produce encoded proteins. It outlines the steps involved, from gene identification and isolation to cloning, vector selection, and screening of transformed cells. The section discusses technological advancements in molecular farming, including yield improvement strategies, and the importance of selecting appropriate plant hosts based on factors like transformation efficiency, protein expression levels, and absence of toxic molecules. The section highlights the advantages of using plants over other systems for commercial protein production, noting the significantly lower cost.
Keywords
Plant-derived vaccines, edible vaccines, molecular farming, antigenic proteins, immunogenicity, transgenic plants, vaccine delivery, cost-effectiveness, disease prevention, genetically modified foods.
Plant-Derived Vaccines: A Comprehensive Review - FAQ
What is the main topic of this review article?
This review article provides a comprehensive overview of plant-derived vaccines, exploring their development, mechanisms of action, and potential as a cost-effective and accessible vaccination strategy, especially for developing countries. It also addresses challenges like public resistance to genetically modified foods.
What are the key themes explored in the review?
Key themes include cost-effective vaccine production, the mechanisms of plant-based vaccine production, the advantages and challenges of using plants for vaccine production, applications of plant-derived vaccines for various diseases, and the role of molecular farming in plant-derived vaccine development.
What are the different chapters covered in the review?
The review includes an abstract, introduction, a chapter on the history of plant-derived vaccines, and a chapter on molecular farming.
What is the abstract about?
The abstract introduces the concept of edible vaccines, highlighting their cost-effectiveness and ease of administration. It emphasizes the use of attenuated strains for safety and discusses introducing genes into plants to produce antigenic proteins. It also acknowledges challenges related to public acceptance of genetically modified foods.
What does the introduction explain?
The introduction explains the plant-based vaccine production method, involving transferring a gene from a protein that triggers a human immune response into bacteria, which then infect plant cells to produce the protein for vaccination. It highlights the cost-effectiveness and scalability of this method compared to traditional methods.
What is covered in the "History of Plant-Derived Vaccines" chapter?
This chapter traces the history of plant-derived vaccines, starting with early experiments using tobacco, tomatoes, and potatoes to produce antigens against various pathogens. It shows the progress in vaccine technology and the limitations of traditional vaccines, especially in underdeveloped countries.
What is discussed in the "Molecular Farming" chapter?
This chapter details the molecular farming process, explaining how selected genes are introduced into plants to produce encoded proteins. It outlines the steps involved, from gene identification to selecting appropriate plant hosts. It also highlights the cost advantages of using plants for commercial protein production.
What are the key words associated with this review?
Key words include: Plant-derived vaccines, edible vaccines, molecular farming, antigenic proteins, immunogenicity, transgenic plants, vaccine delivery, cost-effectiveness, disease prevention, and genetically modified foods.
What are the objectives of this review?
The review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of plant-derived vaccines, exploring their development, mechanisms of action, and their potential as a cost-effective and accessible vaccination strategy, particularly for developing countries.
What are the advantages of plant-derived vaccines?
Plant-derived vaccines offer advantages in cost-effectiveness and scalability, potentially increasing vaccine access to underserved populations. They also offer a potential solution to the heat sensitivity and higher cost of traditional subunit vaccines.
What are the challenges associated with plant-derived vaccines?
A significant challenge is public resistance to genetically modified foods. Other challenges might be related to optimizing protein expression levels in plants and ensuring the safety and efficacy of the vaccines.
- Quote paper
- Dr. Pratibha Chaturvedi (Author), Prof. Dr. Abhay Chowdhary (Author), 2014, Plant derived vaccine, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/269489
