Tylophora indica (family Asclepeadaceae) is experimental plant that has been used in the present study. The leaves and roots of Tylophora indica have emetic, cathartic, laxative, expectorant, diaphoretic and purgative properties. It has also been used for the treatment of allergies, cold, dysentery, hay fever and arthritis. It has reputation as an alterative and as a blood purifier, often used in rheumatism and syphilitic rheumatism. Root or leaf powder is used in diarrhea, dysentery and intermittent fever. Dried leaves are emetic diaphoretic and expectorant. It is regarded as one of the best indigenous substitute for ipecacuanha. It is traditionally used as a folk remedy in certain regions of India for the treatment of bronchial asthma, inflammation, bronchitis, allergies, rheumatism and dermatitis. It also seems to be a good remedy in traditional medicine as anti-psoriasis, seborrhea, anaphylactic and leucopenia.
The experimental plant of Tylophora indica was procured from Kelkar farm house, Mulund, Mumbai, India (The latitude coordinate of Mumbai is 18 degree 58' 30 North and longitude coordinate is 72 degree 49' 32" East) in the month of April. It has many secondary metabolite viz Tylophorin,Kaempferol and Stigmasterol. Among them tylophorin, an anti asthmatic and anti cancerous phenanthro indolizidine alkaloid is the main constituent of Tylophora indica. The experiments related to Phytochemical studies, Biotechnological studies, Pharmacological studies, BioEnhancement of Chief secondary metabolites and Microbiological studies were carried out which have given the significant results.
The Book covers the various aspects and devided into following chapters
1. About Experimental plant
2. BioChemical studies
3. Pharmacological studies
4. Biotechnological studies
5. Enhancement of Secondary metabolites in tissue culture
6. Microbiological studies.
Book is suffiecient to illustrate a broad spectrum of various protocols that have been used in all experiments , can be followed by reader easily.
Table of Contents
Introduction
1. About Experimental Plant
2. Biochemical studies
2.1 Phytochemical variation in Tylophora indica (Asclepeadaceae) leaves collected from different regions
3. Pharmacological Studies
3.1 Anti-inflammatory activity
4. Biotechnological studies
4.1 Tissue culture of Tylophora indica
4.2 Study of organogenesis in Tylophora indica
4.3 Molecular characterization of Tylophora indica regenerated plants in vitro by RAPD and ISSR analysis
4.4 Pharmacological potential of Tylophora indica (antamul) callus
5. Secondary metabolite production from Tylophora indica tissue culture
5.1 Bio regulation of Tylophorin in Tylophora indica callus
5.2 Optimization for Enhancement of Tylophorin in Tylophora indica (Asclepeadaceae) Callus
5.3 Bio enhancement of Kaempferol in Tylophora indica (Asclepediaceae) by Static and Suspension culture
5.4 Bio regulation of Stigmasterol in Tylophora indica (Asclepeadaceae) in vitro tissue culture
5.5 Enhancement of production of Kaempferol from Tylophora indica by culture immobilization
6. Microbiological studies
6.1 Identification of Kaempferol in endophytic fungi extracts of Tylophora indica (Asclepeadaceae) and its Biological assays
6.2 Evaluation of anti-bacterial potential of chromatographic fraction of Tylophora indica
Research Objectives and Key Themes
This work aims to evaluate the phytochemical, pharmacological, and biotechnological potential of Tylophora indica. The research focuses on identifying optimal sources for key secondary metabolites, establishing efficient in vitro tissue culture and micropropagation protocols, and assessing the medicinal properties, including anti-inflammatory and anti-influenza activities, of the plant and its endophytes.
- Phytochemical profiling and secondary metabolite enhancement (Tylophorin, Kaempferol, Stigmasterol).
- Development of in vitro tissue culture and immobilization strategies for metabolite production.
- Evaluation of pharmacological activities (anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-influenza).
- Molecular characterization of regenerated plants using RAPD and ISSR markers.
- Investigation of endophytic fungi as novel sources for bioactive compounds and antimicrobial assays.
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3.1 Anti‐inflammatory activity
Inflammation is a condition when a body reacts to any infection, injury or irritation, environmental changes or malignancy, but sometimes some internal inflammation can result giving rise to fever and other discomforts. The inflammatory response involves the activation of white blood cells that start releasing some chemicals such as cytokines and prostaglandin. ( Scher et al., 2009). Prostaglandins are produced within the body's cells by the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX). There are two COX enzymes, COX-1 and COX-2, produce prostaglandins that promote inflammation, pain, and fever. However, only COX-1 produces prostaglandins that support platelets and protect the stomach. No steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) block the COX enzymes and reduce prostaglandins throughout the body.
As a consequence, ongoing inflammation, pain, and fever are reduced (Abad et al., 2000).Anti-inflammatory refers to the property of a substance or treatment that educes inflammation. Despite the progress made in the medical science chronic inflammation is still considered as major health problem thus this area need new drugs and further research. Many herbs have been evaluated for the anti-inflammatory activity including Tylophora indica, which is a perennial plant, belongs to family Asclepeadaceac. The plant has been explored biotechnologically as well as phytochemically (Chaturvedi et al.,2011,2011a,b,c,d,e,f,2012,2012a) This climber plant is reported to have many pharmacological important activity(Nilesh et al., 2011).
Summary of Chapters
Introduction: Provides an overview of Tylophora indica, detailing its traditional medicinal uses, chemical constituents, and the research scope across multiple scientific disciplines.
1. About Experimental Plant: Describes the taxonomic classification, botanical description, habitat, distribution, propagation, and traditional medicinal applications of Tylophora indica.
2. Biochemical studies: Investigates the phytochemical variation in leaves collected from different Indian regions to identify high-yield sources of Tylophorin and Stigmasterol.
3. Pharmacological Studies: Evaluates the anti-inflammatory and anti-influenza potential of Tylophora indica extracts, including methodology for isolation and characterization of active compounds.
4. Biotechnological studies: Details protocols for callus induction, organogenesis, and molecular characterization of regenerated plants using RAPD and ISSR genetic analysis.
5. Secondary metabolite production from Tylophora indica tissue culture: Explores strategies like precursor feeding, different media types, and culture immobilization to enhance the yield of Tylophorin, Kaempferol, and Stigmasterol.
6. Microbiological studies: Focuses on the isolation and identification of endophytic fungi from the plant and evaluates their ability to produce Kaempferol and provide antimicrobial activity.
Keywords
Tylophora indica, Tylophorin, Kaempferol, Stigmasterol, Plant Tissue Culture, Secondary Metabolites, Anti-inflammatory, Anti-influenza, Endophytic Fungi, Fusarium chlamydosporum, RAPD, ISSR, HPTLC, Biotechnological enhancement, Callus induction.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the primary focus of this publication?
The book focuses on the phytochemical, pharmacological, and biotechnological investigation of Tylophora indica, specifically examining its potential for medicinal applications and efficient secondary metabolite production.
What are the central research themes?
Central themes include the biochemical analysis of secondary metabolites, tissue culture and organogenesis protocols, genetic characterization, and the evaluation of pharmacological properties like anti-inflammatory and anti-influenza effects.
What is the main objective of the research?
The primary goal is to find efficient ways to produce high-value therapeutic secondary metabolites from Tylophora indica using biotechnology to supplement traditional wild harvesting.
What scientific methods are applied in this work?
The research employs techniques such as HPTLC for chemical analysis, MTT assays for cytotoxicity, RAPD and ISSR for molecular marker analysis, and various tissue culture and immobilization methods.
What is covered in the main body of the work?
The main sections cover biochemical variation, pharmacological screening, tissue culture strategies, the enhancement of metabolite production, and the investigation of endophytic fungal endophytes.
How is this research characterized by its keywords?
The work is defined by keywords highlighting its focus on specific medicinal alkaloids and flavonoids, its methodological foundation in plant biotechnology and genetic analysis, and its therapeutic targets.
How was the anti-inflammatory activity assessed?
The study used the HRBC membrane method to compare the anti-inflammatory properties of isolated Tylophorin against a standard anti-inflammatory drug (DFS).
What unique findings are presented regarding endophytic fungi?
The research identifies Fusarium chlamydosporum as an endophyte in the stem of Tylophora indica and confirms its ability to biosynthesize the anticancer compound Kaempferol.
- Citar trabajo
- Dr. Pratibha Chaturvedi (Autor), Prof. Dr. Abhay Chowdhary (Autor), 2014, Tylophora indica: Phytochemical, Biotechnological and Pharmacological Approach, Múnich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/270256
