In “Organic Preparation based on some name reactions”, I discuss some laboratory methods for preparation of some organic compounds based on name reaction like, Claisen-Schmidt Reaction, Beckmann Rearrangement, Diels-Alder Reaction, Pechmann Condensation, Fischer Indole Synthesis, Haloform Reaction, Knorr Quinoline Synthesis, Kolbe - Schmitt Reaction, etc.
In the last chapter there is a discussion about Purification of organic compounds and their various methods.
Table of Contents
1 p-Iodo nitrobenzene from p-Nitro aniline [Diazotization]
2 Dibenzalacetone from Benzaldehyde [Ciaisen-Schmidt Reaction]
3 Benzlanilide from Benzophenone [BECKMANN REARRANGEMENT]
4 1-Phenylazo-2-naphthol [DIAZOTIZATION and COUPLING]
5 9,10-dihydroanthracene-a,ß-succinic anhydride from Anthracene [DIELS-ALDER REACTION]
6 SANDMEYER REACTION of Aromatic amines
7 7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin from Resorcinol [PECHMANN CONDENSATION]
8 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydrocarbazole from Cyclohexanone [FISCHER INDOLE SYNTHESIS]
9 Iodoform from Acetone [Haloform Reaction]
10 2-Hydroxy-4-methylquinoline from Aceto acetanilide [Knorr Quinoline Synthesis]
11 2,4-Dihydroxybenzoicacid from Resorcinol. [Kolbe - Schmitt Reaction]
12 Benzyl alcohol and Benzoic acid from Benzaldehyde [Cannizzaro Reaction]
13 Chalcon from acetophenone [Aldol Condensation]
14 ß-dimethyl amino propinphenone hydrochloride from acetophenone [Mannich Reaction].
15 Purification of organic compounds
A) Heating under reflex
B) Distillation
C) Extraction by solvent
D) Recrystallition
E) Tests of purity
Objectives and Topics
The primary objective of this work is to provide practical guidance and laboratory procedures for the synthesis of various organic compounds based on well-known name reactions, while concurrently detailing essential purification and purity testing methodologies.
- Practical synthesis of aromatic and heterocyclic derivatives.
- Application of classic organic name reactions (e.g., Diazotization, Beckmann Rearrangement).
- Experimental protocols for laboratory-scale organic preparation.
- Techniques for compound purification, including distillation and recrystallization.
- Standard methods for determining purity via melting and boiling point analysis.
Excerpt from the Book
Practical: 1 Preparation of p-Iodo nitrobenzene from p-Nitroaniline.
Diazonium salts were prepared first by Peter Griess in 1858 by the action of nitrous acid on the salts of an aromatic amine. Most of Diazonium salts are unstable at room temperature. So reaction is carried out at 0oC and solution used immediately. Coupling takes place only in weakly acidic or alkaline solution. In strongly acid solution the hydroxyl group is undissociated and the amino group present as its salts. Coupling takes place in the unhindered para position of the coupler. If the para position occupied coupling takes place at ortho position. If both positions are occupied coupling not takes place occasionally the group in the para position is displaced.
The process of converting an amine into the Diazonium salt is called diazotization. The dry diazonium salt is unstable and explosive. Aryldiazonium salts are highly reactive compounds and undergo many useful reactions. They have proved to be valuable synthetic intermediates for the preparation of a fairly wide range of aromatic derivatives.
Summary of Chapters
1 p-Iodo nitrobenzene from p-Nitro aniline [Diazotization]: This chapter describes the synthesis of p-iodo nitrobenzene using the diazotization process, emphasizing temperature control for diazonium salt stability.
2 Dibenzalacetone from Benzaldehyde [Ciaisen-Schmidt Reaction]: This chapter focuses on the condensation of benzaldehyde with acetone to produce dibenzalacetone under alkaline conditions.
3 Benzlanilide from Benzophenone [BECKMANN REARRANGEMENT]: This chapter outlines the two-step synthesis of benzanilide from benzophenone, utilizing the Beckmann rearrangement of ketoximes.
15 Purification of organic compounds: This chapter details essential laboratory techniques for purifying synthesized organic products, including heating under reflux, distillation, extraction, and recrystallization, as well as methods to verify chemical purity.
Keywords
Organic Synthesis, Name Reactions, Diazotization, Beckmann Rearrangement, Distillation, Recrystallization, Melting Point, Aromatic Amines, Heterocyclic Compounds, Laboratory Practicals, Chemical Purification, Synthetic Intermediates, Aldol Condensation, Haloform Reaction, Organic Chemistry.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core focus of this publication?
This work provides practical, step-by-step laboratory procedures for synthesizing specific organic compounds using established chemical name reactions.
Which central topics are covered?
The document covers various name reactions such as the Diels-Alder reaction, Claisen-Schmidt condensation, and Fischer Indole synthesis, alongside purification techniques.
What is the primary objective of these practicals?
The goal is to demonstrate the practical application of theoretical organic chemistry principles through safe and reproducible laboratory synthesis.
Which scientific methods are utilized?
The text employs standard wet-lab synthetic methods including refluxing, controlled-temperature diazotization, solvent extraction, and recrystallization.
What does the main body consist of?
It consists of 14 specific experimental protocols for various organic preparations followed by a detailed section on compound purification and analysis.
Which keywords best describe this work?
Key terms include organic synthesis, name reactions, laboratory protocols, chemical purification, and melting point determination.
Why is temperature control crucial in the Diazotization process described in chapter 1?
Diazonium salts are highly unstable and potentially explosive at room temperature; therefore, the reaction must be carried out at 0°C.
What is the significance of the "Purification" section in the latter part of the book?
It provides the necessary analytical and physical methods, such as distillation and recrystallization, to ensure the synthesized products meet purity standards.
- Quote paper
- Purvesh Shah (Author), 2013, Organic preparation based on name reaction, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/272163
