In ideal risk management, a prioritization process is followed whereby the risks with the greatest loss (or impact) and the greatest probability of occurring are handled first, and risks with lower probability of occurrence and lower loss are handled in descending order. In practice the process of assessing overall risk can be difficult, and balancing resources used to mitigate between risks with a high probability of occurrence but lower loss versus a risk with high loss but lower probability of occurrence can often be mishandled. Intangible risk management identifies a new type of a risk that has a 100% probability of occurring but is ignored by Government or organization due to a lack of identification ability. In Nigeria, some time, this is what is obtainable in the social and physical environment. In view of the above fact, environmental laws have been put in place to regulate every activity on the environment to manage the risk involved in these process and stage of development in other to avoid an impending or a looming catastrophe. According to the International Network for Environmental Compliance and Enforcement (INECE), the major environmental issues in Nigeria are “drought and flooding, air pollution, deforestation, loss of biodiversity, freshwater availability, degradation of soil and vegetation, and widespread poverty.” Government and other organizations hope to provide protection and mitigation regarding pollution and other disasters before their impacts contaminate the African environment as well as the global environment. Therefore chronicled in this write up, is the appraisal of the role of Environmental Law in risk management.
Table of Contents
Chapter One
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Risk
1.2.1 Risk Management
1.3 Method
1.4 Principles Of Risk Management
1.5 Process
1.6 Establishing The Context
1.7 Identification
1.8 Assessment
1.9.1 Composite Risk Index = Impact Of Risk Event X Probability Of Occurrence
1.9.2 Risk Options
1.9.3 Potential Risk Treatments
1.9.4 Risk Avoidance
1.9.5 Hazard Prevention
1.9.6 Risk Reduction
1.9.7 Risk Sharing
1.9.8 Risk Retention
1.10 Create A Risk Management Plan
1.10.1 Implementation
1.10.2 Review And Evaluation Of The Plan
1.10.3 Limitations
1.11 Areas Of Risk Management
1.11.1 Enterprise Risk Management
1.11.2 Risk Management Activities As Applied To Project Management
1.11.2 Risk Management For Megaprojects
1.11.3 Risk Management Regarding Natural Disasters
1.11.4 Risk Management Of Information Technology
1.11.5 Risk Management Techniques In Petroleum And Natural Gas
1.11.6 Positive Risk Management
1.11 7 Risk Management And Business Continuity
1.12 Risk Communication
1.12.1 Seven Cardinal Rules For The Practice Of Risk Communication
1.13 Criticisms
Chapter Two
Environmental Risk Assessment
2.1 Environmental Risk
2.2 The Need For Risk Assessment
2.3 How To Make Risk Assessment Tractable And Feasible
2.4 Judgment, Normative Values, And Policy Choices Are Unavoidable
2.5 Limits Of Risk Assessment
Chapter Three
3.1 Environmental Law
3.1.1 History
3.1.2 Controversy
3.1.3 Necessity
3.1.4 Cost
3.1.5 Effectiveness
3.2 Laws And Regulations On The Environment In Nigeria
3.3 Constitution Of The Federal Republic Of Nigeria (1999) “Not Amended”
Chapter Four
Environmental Regulations in Nigeria
4.1 National Environmental Standards And Regulation Enforcement Agency (NESRA) Act 2007
4.2 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Act. CAP E12, LFN2004.
4.3 The Nigerian Urban And Regional Planning Act CAP N138, LFN 2004
4.4 Land Use Act CAP 202, LFN 2004
4.5 Harmful Waste (Special Criminal Provisions) Act CAP H1, LFN 2004
4.6 The Endangered Species Act, CAPE9, LFN 2004.
4.7 Sea Fisheries Act, CAP S4, LFN2004.
4.8 Inland Fisheries Act, CAP I10, LFN 2004.
4.9 Territorial Waters Act, CAP T5, LFN 2004
4.10 Nuclear Safety And Radiation Protection Act, CAP N142, LFN 2004
Chapter Five
Service And Production Regulations
5.1 Petroleum Drilling And Production Regulations
5.2 Oil Pipelines Act, CAP07, LFN 2004
5.3 Oil Pipelines Regulations
5.4 Petroleum Act, CAPP10, LFN 2004
5.5 Petroleum Refining Regulation
5.6 Mineral Oil Safety Regulations And Crude Oil Transportation And Shipment Regulations.
5.7 Petroleum Products And Distribution Act CAP P12, LFN 2004
5.8 Hydrocarbon Oil Refineries Act, Cap H5, LFN 2004
5.9 Oil In Navigable Waters Act, CAP 06, LFN 2004
5.10 Associated Gas Re-Injection Act, CAP 20, And LFN 2004
5.11 Civil Aviation Act. CAP C13, LLN 2004
5.12 Factories Act, CAP F1, LFN 2004
5.13 Hides And Skins Act, CAP H3, And LFN 2004
5.14 Water Resources Act, CAP W2, LFN 2004
5.15 River Basins Development Authority Act, CAP R9, LFN 2004
5.16 Pest Control Production (Special Powers) Act, CAP P9, LFN 2004
5.17 Agriculture (Control Of Importation) Act, CAP A93, LFN 2004
5.18 Animal Diseases (Control) Act, CAP A17, LFN 2004
5.19 Bees (Import Control And Management) Act, CAP B6, LFN 2004
5.20 Environmental Sanitation Law
5.21 Environmental Pollution Control Law
5.22 Quarantine Act, Cap Q2, LFN 2004
5.23 The Federal National Parks Act, CAP N65, LFN 2004
5.24 Niger-Delta Development Commission (NDDC) Act, CAP N68, LFN 2004
5.25 Criminal Code
5.26 Conclusion
Objectives and Topics
This work aims to appraise the role of environmental law in risk management within Nigeria, focusing on the legal framework designed to regulate environmental activities and mitigate potential catastrophes. It explores how legal statutes are implemented to address environmental issues, manage risks associated with industrial and natural developments, and protect both public health and the Nigerian ecosystem.
- Theoretical foundations of risk management and assessment
- Categorization and treatment of environmental risks
- Overview of the Nigerian legal framework for environmental protection
- Implementation of risk management strategies in different industrial sectors
- The intersection of environmental law and public safety governance
Excerpt from the Book
1.1 INTRODUCTION
The mission of Federal Ministry of Environment and NESRA as its parestetal is to protect human health and to safeguard the natural environment.viz: air, water, and land-upon which life depends. EPA fulfills this mission by, among other things, developing and enforcing regulations that implement environmental laws enacted by law-making bodies. Inferred is the fact that successful environmental problem-solving must encompass not only "what must be done" (setting a standard or risk management objective), but equally "how it shall be accomplished" (implementation and enforcement). Determining environmental standards, policies, guidelines, regulations, and actions requires making decisions considering this full spectrum. The quality of any decision and resulting action "determines how well environmental programs actually work and the extent to which they achieve health and environmental goals. There are numerous factors which impact the quality and success of any decision or action, and many of these are competing or contradictory forces, such as: Determining environmental standards, policies, guidelines, regulations, and actions requires making decisions which are often contentious.
Summary of Chapters
Chapter One: This chapter introduces fundamental concepts of risk management, defining risk as an inherent element of life and discussing the principles, processes, and methodologies for identification and assessment.
Chapter Two: This chapter focuses on environmental risk assessment, highlighting the complexities of measuring environmental impact and the necessity of policy-driven, interdisciplinary approaches.
Chapter Three: This chapter provides a historical and contextual overview of environmental law, addressing its necessity, cost, and the ongoing controversy regarding its effectiveness and scope.
Chapter Four: This chapter details specific environmental regulations in Nigeria, covering key legislative acts like the NESREA Act and the Environmental Impact Assessment Act.
Chapter Five: This chapter examines various service and production regulations in Nigeria, including specific acts governing petroleum, fisheries, and agricultural activities, and concludes by summarizing the role of legal enforcement in risk management.
Keywords
Environmental Law, Risk Management, Nigeria, Environmental Impact Assessment, Environmental Policy, Pollution Control, Sustainable Development, Regulation, Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection, Legal Framework, Public Safety, Natural Resources, Disaster Management, Statutory Compliance
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core focus of this publication?
This paper examines how environmental laws are utilized in Nigeria as tools for risk management to mitigate potential environmental disasters and protect natural resources.
What central themes are explored?
The core themes include risk assessment methodologies, the legal framework governing the Nigerian environment, and the institutional challenges in implementing effective environmental policies.
What is the primary research objective?
The objective is to provide an appraisal of the role of environmental legislation in identifying, managing, and reducing risks that threaten the social and physical environment in Nigeria.
Which scientific methods are discussed?
The work discusses structured risk management processes, including risk identification, objective-based analysis, scenario-based identification, and the use of composite risk indices.
What does the main body cover?
The main body covers a comprehensive breakdown of theoretical risk management, the intricacies of environmental risk assessment, and a detailed catalog of Nigerian environmental laws and regulations.
What keywords characterize the study?
Key terms include Environmental Law, Risk Management, Nigeria, Sustainability, Environmental Impact Assessment, and Regulatory Enforcement.
How is the "Composite Risk Index" defined in this context?
It is defined as the product of the impact of a risk event and the probability of its occurrence, often assessed on a scale to categorize risk as low, medium, or high.
What is the significance of the "Positive Risk Management" approach?
This approach recognizes human factors and individual propensities for risk-taking, arguing that risk management should not only focus on avoiding negative outcomes but also on managing risk as a component of innovation and enterprise.
How does the author characterize the role of regulatory agencies in Nigeria?
The author notes that enforcement responsibilities are divided among various federal and state agencies, which can lead to overlapping missions and sometimes conflicting mandates.
- Citar trabajo
- Matthias Okoro (Autor), 2012, Appraisal of the role of environmental law in risk management in Nigeria, Múnich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/281547
