The failure of the Seattle ministerial meeting of the World Trade Organization (WTO) to launch a new round of multilateral trade negotiations brings into sharp focus the increasing divide between developed and developing countries in their respective agendas for reforming the international trading environment. The developing countries need a genuine and well-defined agenda for moving the reform process forward. While there is no unanimity among developing countries with regard to the particular items that belong on the agenda, there are common areas of interest that are different from the agenda of the developed countries. This essay attempts to set the background for a new round of multilateral negotiations, though it may take place later than was thought possible on the eve of the Seattle meeting (Rajapatirana, 2000)
The 1980s saw nearly all the developing countries reform their trade regimes, improve their economic performance, and provide increased access to exports from developed countries. Many developing countries joined the WTO, and many others are now waiting in the wings to join. The 1990s saw a continuation of the reform trend of the 1980s, despite a few pauses such as the 1994 payments crisis in Mexico and the East Asian crisis that began in 1997. The implementation of the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations since the mid-1990s gave a definite fillip to trade liberalization in developing countries, as the decade saw the intellectual case for free trade receive new support. But there were also deflections from the mainstream position. New challenges to trade liberalization in developing countries have arisen both from the need to complete the agenda of their domestic reforms and from developments in the international trading environment.
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Inhaltsverzeichnis (Table of Contents)
- 1 The Trade police of Developing countries
- 1.1 Introduction
- 2. Trends in Developing Countries..
- 3. What Led to Trade Policy Reforms?
- 4. The Political Economy of Trade Reforms..
- 5. Trade Liberalization Since 1985
- 6. Developments in Trade Barriers...........
- 7. Issues Arising from the International Trading Environment..
- 8. Extending the Trade Reforms of the 1990s..
- 8.1 The Domestic Agenda.....
- 8.2 The International Agenda ...
- Conclusions
- Reference
Zielsetzung und Themenschwerpunkte (Objectives and Key Themes)
This essay aims to provide a comprehensive overview of trade policy reforms in developing countries, focusing on the trends, challenges, and opportunities that have emerged in the past few decades. It examines the political and economic factors that have driven these reforms and analyzes their impact on the global trading environment.
- The historical context of trade policy in developing countries
- The impact of globalization and trade liberalization on developing economies
- The role of international institutions in shaping trade policy
- The challenges and opportunities facing developing countries in the current global trade landscape
- The need for a well-defined agenda for future trade reforms.
Zusammenfassung der Kapitel (Chapter Summaries)
The essay begins by introducing the context of trade policy reforms in developing countries, highlighting the increasing divide between developed and developing countries in their respective agendas for reforming the international trading environment. The essay then delves into the historical trends in developing countries' trade policies, outlining the shift from import substitution policies to trade liberalization in the 1980s and 1990s.
The essay further examines the factors that led to trade policy reforms, including the economic performance of developing countries, the role of international institutions, and the political economy of trade reforms. It also explores the impact of trade liberalization on developing countries, analyzing the developments in trade barriers and the challenges arising from the international trading environment.
Finally, the essay discusses the need to extend the trade reforms of the 1990s, outlining the domestic and international agendas that need to be addressed. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of developing countries having a well-defined agenda for moving the reform process forward.
Schlüsselwörter (Keywords)
Trade policy reform, developing countries, globalization, trade liberalization, import substitution, international institutions, WTO, GATT, regional trade agreements, economic performance, political economy, challenges, opportunities, domestic agenda, international agenda.
- Citar trabajo
- Frew Hailu (Autor), 2014, The trade police of developing countries, Múnich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/283538
