A Wireless network is a collection of autonomous mobile nodes that communicate with each other over wireless links without any fixed infrastructure. It is a method by which homes, telecommunications networks and enterprise installations avoid the costly process of introducing cables into a building, or as a connection between various equipment locations. A routing protocol is taking a vital role in the modern Wireless Network. Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is an autonomous system of mobile nodes connected by wireless links. Each node operates not only as an end system, but also as a router to forward packets .The nodes are free to move about and a network.A routing protocol which is responsible to determine how nodes communicate with each other and forward the packets through the optimal path to travel from a source node to a destination node. The purpose of paper is to contribute the study and comparison of routing protocols performance in MANET
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Overview of various on-demand routing protocols
2.1 Table Driven (proactive) Routing Protocol
2.1.1 DSDV
2.2 On-Demand (Reactive) Routing Protocol
2.2.1 AODV
2.2.2 DSR
2.3 Hybrid Routing Protocols
2.3.1 ZRP
3. Comparison of routing protocols
4. Conclusion
Research Objectives and Themes
This paper aims to contribute to the study and performance comparison of various routing protocols within Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) by analyzing their operational characteristics under different network scenarios.
- Functional mechanisms of proactive vs. reactive routing protocols.
- Detailed analysis of AODV, DSDV, DSR, and ZRP protocols.
- Identification of advantages and disadvantages regarding overhead and latency.
- Impact of node mobility and network topology changes on performance.
- Evaluation of optimal routing conditions based on network size and traffic.
Excerpt from the Book
AODV
AODV stands for Ad Hoc on Demand Distance Vector Protocol. AODV is a reactive Protocol, So the routes are created and maintained only when they are needed. The routing table stores the information about the next hop to the destination and a sequence number which is received from the destination and indicating the freshness of the received information. It also stores the information about the active neighbors is received throughout the discovery of the destination host. When the corresponding route breaks then the neighbors can be notified [2]. The source broadcasts a route request (RREQ) packet when it wants to find path to the destination. The neighbors in turn broadcast the packet to their neighbors until it reaches an intermediate node that has recent route information about the destination or until it reaches the destination. An already received route request packet is discarded by the nodes [4]. In AODV, whenever a source needs a path to the destination, it starts the route discovery by flooding the route request (RREQ) to the destination in the network and then waits for the route reply (RREP). If the intermediate node, which receives the first copy of RREQ, knows the destination node, it may unicast a route reply (RREP) back to the source node via the reverse path; otherwise, it re broadcasts the RREQ packet. If the source receives the RREP, the forward path to the destination would be established. When a node discovers a link break, the node proceeds the local repair if the destination is nearby. If the destination is far away it broadcasts the RERR packet. The source, received the RERR message, tries to search the route to the destination again if the path is still needed[3]. AODV only supports one route for each destination. This causes a node to reinitiate a route request query when it’s only route breaks. But if mobility increases route requests also increases [4].
Chapter Summaries
Introduction: Provides an overview of wireless networks and MANETs, highlighting the challenges of mobility and the necessity of routing protocols in tactical environments.
Overview of various on-demand routing protocols: Categorizes routing protocols into table-driven, on-demand, and hybrid types while explaining their fundamental operational differences.
Table Driven (proactive) Routing Protocol: Describes proactive protocols that maintain routing tables for all possible destinations, with specific focus on the DSDV protocol.
On-Demand (Reactive) Routing Protocol: Explains how reactive protocols establish routes only when needed to conserve bandwidth, focusing on AODV and DSR.
Hybrid Routing Protocols: Discusses the combination of proactive and reactive approaches, using the Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) as a primary example.
Comparison of routing protocols: Presents a comparative analysis of AODV, DSDV, DSR, and ZRP regarding their performance metrics and operational characteristics.
Conclusion: Summarizes that AODV provides superior performance compared to the other studied protocols based on parameters like overhead and packet delivery fraction.
Keywords
Wireless, Routing Protocol, MANET, AODV, DSDV, DSR, ZRP, Network Topology, Mobility, Performance Analysis, Packet Delivery, Infrastructure, Reactive Routing, Proactive Routing, Hybrid Routing
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the primary focus of this research paper?
The paper focuses on the study and comparative performance analysis of various routing protocols used within Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs).
What are the main categories of routing protocols discussed?
The protocols are categorized into three main types: Table-driven (proactive), On-demand (reactive), and Hybrid routing protocols.
What is the central research question addressed in this document?
The work investigates how different routing protocols perform in a MANET environment, specifically evaluating their efficiency in terms of overhead and packet delivery.
Which scientific methodology is employed to analyze these protocols?
The author performs a literature survey and comparative analysis, evaluating protocols based on specific parameters such as packet delivery fraction, latency, and routing overhead.
What topics are covered in the main body of the text?
The main body covers definitions and mechanisms of DSDV, AODV, DSR, and ZRP, followed by a comparative table detailing their respective advantages and disadvantages.
Which specific keywords characterize this study?
Key terms include Wireless, Routing Protocol, MANET, AODV, DSDV, DSR, ZRP, Mobility, and Network Topology.
How does AODV differ from proactive protocols like DSDV?
Unlike DSDV, which maintains up-to-date tables periodically, AODV is a reactive protocol that only discovers routes when a source node specifically requires a path to a destination.
What limitation of AODV is highlighted in the text?
The text notes that AODV only supports one route per destination, leading to frequent re-initiation of route requests when the primary route breaks.
How does DSR improve upon basic routing mechanisms?
DSR uses source routing, where the source node determines the entire sequence of hops, which helps avoid routing loops and reduces the need for frequent table updates.
What is the performance conclusion regarding AODV?
The study concludes that AODV generally delivers better performance than DSDV, DSR, and ZRP in the analyzed scenarios, although its performance is dependent on node speed and network mobility.
- Citation du texte
- Jagrut Solanki (Auteur), 2014, A Reinforcement Learning Network based Novel Adaptive Routing Algorithm for Wireless Ad-Hoc Network, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/286150
