In contemporary discourse ‘addiction’ can be applied to any number of behaviours or activities. For example “[i]n today’s society, we have sex-aholics, choc-aholics, work-aholics, shop-aholics, and golf-aholics. We have self-help programs called overeaters-anonymous, gamblersanonymous, internet-sex-anonymous, and smokers-anonymous”.
This recent discourse of addiction can be manipulated by ‘addicts’ to justify their behaviour, and to create sympathy towards them. Those claiming addiction may in fact not be an addict, however they now realise it is now more socially acceptable to be deemed an ‘addict’ than just participant in ‘addictive’ behaviors.
This essay will concern itself with discourses of addiction to drugs. Understandings of addiction to substances such as narcotics, tobacco and alcohol have been conceptualised and re conceptualised throughout recent history. Early biological and pharmacological theories of addiction still dictate policy on ‘addictive’ substances, however social and psychological theories have gained momentum and explain aspects of addiction biological theories do not.
Table of Contents
1. Different understandings of ‘addiction’ exist and have existed at different times. Discuss such understandings and their strengths and weaknesses.
Objectives & Research Themes
The essay explores the historical and contemporary evolution of the concept of "addiction," critically examining the shift from moral and behavioral perspectives to medicalized disease models and rational choice frameworks, ultimately questioning the existence of a universal definition.
- Historical transformation of the term "addiction" from habituation to medical pathology.
- Evaluation of the disease model of addiction and its neurobiological implications.
- Analysis of social and environmental factors using the Vietnam War as a case study.
- Critique of the rational choice theory in explaining addictive behavior.
- Discussion on the limitations of a universal definition and the shift toward "problem drug use."
Excerpt from the Book
Different understandings of ‘addiction’ exist and have existed at different times. Discuss such understandings and their strengths and weaknesses.
In contemporary discourse ‘addiction’ can be applied to any number of behaviours or activities. For example “[i]n today’s society, we have sex-aholics, choc-aholics, work-aholics, shop-aholics, and golf-aholics. We have self-help programs called overeaters-anonymous, gamblersanonymous, internet-sex-anonymous, and smokers-anonymous.” (Boyd, J. 1999) This recent discourse of addiction can be manipulated by ‘addicts’ to justify their behaviour, and to create sympathy towards them. Those claiming addiction may in fact not be an addict, however they now realise it is now more socially acceptable to be deemed an ‘addict’ than just participant in ‘addictive’ behaviors. This essay will concern itself with discourses of addiction to drugs. Understandings of addiction to substances such as narcotics, tobacco and alcohol have been conceptualised and re conceptualised throughout recent history. Early biological and pharmacological theories of addiction still dictate policy on ‘addictive’ substances, however social and psychological theories have gained momentum and explain aspects of addiction biological theories do not.
It is important to gain an insight into attitudes towards the concept of addiction before substances were conceptualised as being addictive. “Prior to the 19th century, the English word “addiction” had a traditional meaning...To be “addicted”, meant either to be legally given over to somebody as a bond-slave, or, more broadly, to have given oneself over, or devoted oneself, to somebody or something.” (Alexander, B. N.D) Addiction had nothing to do with substances, this however changed.
Summary of Chapters
Different understandings of ‘addiction’ exist and have existed at different times. Discuss such understandings and their strengths and weaknesses.: The text provides a comprehensive analysis of how the perception of addiction has evolved from colonial-era moral interpretations to modern neurobiological and sociological frameworks, concluding that no single theory adequately explains the complexities of substance dependency.
Keywords
Addiction, Disease Model, Rational Choice Theory, Substance Abuse, Neurobiology, Dopamine, Vietnam War, Social Environment, Behavioral Psychology, Habituation, Addiction Policy, Problem Drug Use.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core focus of this academic work?
The work examines how the meaning of "addiction" has shifted across history and how different theoretical models, such as the disease model and social theory, attempt to define and explain addictive behavior.
Which key thematic areas are covered?
The essay covers the historical etymology of the word "addiction," medicalized concepts of drug dependency, the neurochemistry of reward, and the impact of environmental stressors on substance use.
What is the primary research question being addressed?
The work seeks to discuss the various historical and contemporary understandings of addiction, while critically evaluating the strengths and weaknesses inherent in each perspective.
Which scientific methodologies are employed?
The author employs a literature-based analysis and historical discourse review, utilizing empirical studies and case studies, such as the experience of soldiers during the Vietnam War, to validate or challenge existing theories.
What content is discussed in the main body?
The main body investigates the transition from viewing addiction as a "sinful habit" to a "chronic medical illness," examines dopamine-driven reinforcement in the brain, and contrasts these with sociological explanations that emphasize social environment and rational choice.
Which keywords best characterize the research?
The core keywords include addiction, disease model, neurobiology, rational choice theory, social environment, and problem drug use.
How does the Vietnam War case study challenge current addiction theories?
The case study demonstrates that many soldiers who were "addicted" to opiates in Vietnam ceased usage upon returning to their home environment, which challenges the strict disease model that assumes irreversible molecular brain changes force continued drug-taking.
What is the author's final conclusion regarding a "universal" definition?
The author concludes that a universal definition of addiction is unhelpful and likely impossible, as individual cases are unique and influenced by a complex interplay of environmental, social, and psychological factors.
- Citation du texte
- Gavin Hutchison (Auteur), 2015, Drugs and Drug Use. Understandings of the Term 'Addiction', Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/288683
