A climate change mitigation mechanism, Reducing Emission from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+) is anticipated to affect livelihoods of forest dependent communities. This study was conducted to establish this impact on livelihoods of local people in Rungwe District, Tanzania. Data were collected through questionnaires, group discussions, and interviews from three villages: Syukula, Ilolo and Kibisi.
Results showed that households’ annual income and crop production are higher after REDD+ implementation. The older respondents (>40 years old) considered REDD+ to be important for forest management compared to younger generation (<40 years old) (p<0.05). Similarly, the older respondents considered wood forest products such as fuelwood, charcoal, timber and poles to be reduced.
There was a widespread awareness about REDD+’s objectives among household respondents. Therefore, REDD+ proponents should implement alternative sources of livelihoods to help local people improve their income and reduce dependence on the forest resources and eventually decrease deforestation and forest degradation.
Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. REDD+: current state of affairs
1.1.1. Objective and evolution of REDD+
1.1.2. Readyness for REDD+
1.1.3. Current status and obstacles of REDD+ implementation
1.1.4. Tanzania REDD+ Initiatives: institutional structure and reporting
1.2. Forest management and status in Tanzania
1.2.1. Tanzania country facts
1.2.2. Forest policy, land use and management in Tanzania
1.2.3. Forest types in Tanzania
1.2.4. Problem statement and justification
2. OBJECTIVES
2.1. General objective
2.2. Specific objectives
2.3. Research questions
3. MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1. Description of the study area
3.1.1. Geographical location
3.1.2. Climate, Soil and Geology
3.1.3. Fauna and flora
3.1.4. Population
3.2. Research methodology
3.2.1. Household survey questionnaires
3.2.2. Focus group discussion
3.2.3. Interviews, field observations and literature review
3.3. Data analysis
4. RESULTS
4.1. Composition of household respondents in the study villages
4.2. Occupations and sources of income and energy of household respondents
4.3. Households’ awareness, perception and willingness (or readiness) for REDD+
4.4. Impact of REDD+ project on income, fuelwoods, charcoal and building materials of households in the study villages
4.5. Impact of REDD+ project on households’ annual crop production in the study villages
4.6. Relationship between households’ income and crop production
5. DISCUSSION
5.1. Composition of household respondents in the study villages
5.2. Households’ occupation and main sources of income and energy
5.3. Households’ awareness, perception and willingness for REDD+
5.4. Impact of REDD+ project on households’ income, crop production, fuelwood, charcoal and building materials
6. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
6.1. Conclusion
6.2. Recommendations and Future perspectives
7. REFERENCES
Research Objectives and Key Topics
The primary objective of this thesis is to evaluate the socio-economic impacts of the REDD+ mechanism on local forest-dependent communities in the Rungwe District of Tanzania, specifically analyzing how changes in forest resource access and agricultural restrictions under REDD+ influence local livelihoods, income levels, and perceptions of conservation efforts.
- Impact of REDD+ on household income and agricultural productivity.
- Local awareness, perceptions, and willingness to participate in REDD+ initiatives.
- Community access to forest resources (fuelwood, charcoal, timber) following REDD+ implementation.
- Institutional challenges and socio-economic barriers to effective REDD+ implementation in Tanzania.
- Proposed strategies for sustainable livelihood improvements within forest-dependent communities.
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1.1.4. Tanzania REDD+ Initiatives: institutional structure and reporting
According to Mwakalobo et al., (2011), Tanzania is ranked the 12th among the countries with high rate of DD which produces a high amount of CO2 emissions per year through deforestation (77,903,442 tonnes) and forest degradation (48,492,402 tonnes). Together with other developing countries the Tanzania government is implementing international climate change regime (REDD+) that would reduce emissions from DD (Robinson et al., 2013). In Tanzania, this was initiated in April 2008 when Norway and Tanzania signed a Letter of Intent on a Climate Change Partnership to support REDD+ activities (Bofin et al., 2011).
The official launch of national REDD+ strategy in Tanzania was in November 2009 after signing the contract on 12 March 2009 between Norway and the Institute of Resources Assessment (IRA) at the University of Dar es Salaam (URT, 2009). The contract carried a grant of US$ 2 million over five years (Odgaard and Maganga, 2009). The initiative is also supported by the UN-REDD+ programme for capacity building and methodological development through MRVs (Bolin, 2010). The Tanzania REDD+ initiative aims to reduce human pressure and GHG emissions from the forestry sector and improve sustainable management of its forests (Fisher et al., 2011; Mwakalobo et al., 2011).
The National REDD+ Framework delineates the institutional, policy, legal, financial and cooperative arrangements required for REDD+ actions. It outlines the objectives of reducing emissions and poverty of forest dependent communities (URT, 2013a). The REDD+ activities in Tanzania are administered by nine NGOs (Figure 3). In Tanzania, environmental management issues such as climate change are coordinated by the Vice President’s Office in accordance with the Environmental Management Act, 2004 Section 15 and 75 (URT, 2013b). The Division of Environment coordinates all climate change issues, including adaptation, mitigation and REDD+ mechanism.
Summary of Chapters
1. INTRODUCTION: This chapter contextualizes the global challenge of climate change, the role of forests in local livelihoods, and the introduction of REDD+ in Tanzania as a mitigation strategy.
2. OBJECTIVES: This chapter defines the general and specific research goals, including the evaluation of household socio-economic status and local perceptions regarding REDD+ implementation.
3. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This chapter describes the study area in Rungwe District, the selection criteria for the villages, and the participatory research methods used, including surveys and group discussions.
4. RESULTS: This chapter presents the empirical findings regarding household demographics, income changes, agricultural production, and community awareness/willingness to engage with REDD+.
5. DISCUSSION: This chapter interprets the research results, exploring the correlation between income and agriculture, the impact of forest access restrictions, and the importance of alternative livelihood support for REDD+ success.
6. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION: This chapter summarizes the study's conclusions, highlighting the need for equitable benefit-sharing and integrated local development to ensure REDD+ sustainability.
Keywords
REDD+, Tanzania, Rungwe District, forest conservation, livelihoods, deforestation, carbon emissions, household income, crop production, forest dependent communities, climate change mitigation, sustainable forest management, community participation, socio-economic impact, forest products.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core focus of this research?
The research focuses on assessing the socio-economic impacts of the REDD+ mechanism on the livelihoods of local communities living near the Rungwe Forest Nature Reserve in Tanzania.
What are the primary themes addressed in this work?
Central themes include agricultural productivity, household income, community dependence on forest resources like fuelwood and timber, and local perceptions regarding conservation versus economic survival.
What is the main research objective?
The main objective is to establish the existing impact of the REDD+ mechanism on local residents' livelihoods by comparing annual income and crop production before and after its implementation.
Which scientific methods were employed?
The study used a Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) approach, utilizing household survey questionnaires, focus group discussions, on-site field observations, and secondary data from government literature.
What topics are covered in the main body?
The main body covers the theoretical background of REDD+, the geographic and socio-economic description of the study area, data analysis methods, findings on income and crop production, and a detailed discussion on the efficacy of current incentive programs.
What are the key terms that define this study?
Key terms include REDD+, Tanzania, Forest-dependent communities, livelihood security, carbon emissions, and sustainable forest management.
Does the study find that REDD+ has reduced household income?
No, the study indicates that households' annual income and crop production were actually higher after REDD+ implementation, though residents reported significantly reduced access to vital forest products like fuelwood.
How do older and younger generations differ in their perception of REDD+?
The study found that older respondents (over 40) considered the REDD+ mechanism to be significantly more important for forest conservation compared to the younger generation.
What do local communities suggest as an alternative to mere forest restrictions?
Communities expressed a preference for incentives such as job creation, improvement of social services like schools and hospitals, and better access to income-generating activities to mitigate the loss of forest access.
- Citation du texte
- Fredrick Ojija (Auteur), 2014, An Assessment of the current state and impact of the REDD+ project on the livelihood of local people in the Rungwe District of Tanzania, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/314593
