Child labor is defined as the work that deprives children of their childhood, their dignity and potential, and that is harmful to physical and mental development.
An activity is called as child labor when it involves one of these characteristics in their work’s nature. These includes violation of a country’s minimum age laws, threatening children physically, mentally, or emotionally, involves intolerable abuse, such as child slavery, child trafficking, debt bondage, forced labor, or illicit activities, prevents children from going to school, uses children to undermine labor standards.
Child labor is a term which defines work that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful to children and interferes with their schooling by: depriving them of the opportunity to attend school; obliging them to leave school prematurely; or requiring them to attempt to combine school attendance with excessively long and heavy work.
Children do many activities. Normal activities associated with them are schooling, playing, studying etc. All activities are not child labor like if children help their parent in home chores it’s not child labor, but child labor should be referred to those work and activities which are dangerous and hazardous to children’s health and development.
But when children involve in working activities to earn money by force this is something which is not regarded as justice to the children. As it’s something which makes them act as an adult and their childhood and innocence gets lost, and their right to educate themselves also get violated which in the long run affects their lives to remain in poverty forever. So this child labor is considered as violence against children and not appreciated all over the world and meant to be elimination. But still it exists in huge numbers specifically in the least developed countries.
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION
FACTORS CAUSING CHILD LABOR
1. GDP
2. FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI)
3. LITERACY RATE
4. LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
5. SOCIAL GLOBALIZATION
6. EASE OF DOING BUSINESS
7. SLAVERY
RESEARCH QUESTION
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
HYPOTHESIS
THEORATICAL FRAMEWORK
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
SPSS Tables & statistical interpretation
Model 1 (linear regression)
Model 2 (Binary logistic Model)
Final model
DISCUSSION
LIMITATIONS
RECOMMENDATIONS
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Research Objectives and Thematic Focus
The primary objective of this research is to identify the underlying factors that contribute to the prevalence of child labor across 32 selected countries and to statistically measure the association between these macroeconomic variables and child labor rates.
- Analysis of macroeconomic determinants including GDP, FDI, and literacy rates.
- Evaluation of labor force participation and its link to child employment.
- Investigation into social globalization and the ease of doing business as influencing factors.
- Application of linear and binary logistic regression models to assess sensitivity.
- Examination of modern slavery as a critical variable impacting child labor statistics.
Excerpt from the Book
INTRODUCTION
Child labor is defined as the work that deprives children of their childhood, their dignity and potential, and that is harmful to physical and mental development (ILO, 2012).
An activity is called as child labor when it involves one of these characteristics in their work’s nature. These includes violation of a country’s minimum age laws, threatening children physically, mentally, or emotionally, involves intolerable abuse, such as child slavery, child trafficking, debt bondage, forced labor, or illicit activities, prevents children from going to school, uses children to undermine labor standards (Labor Center, UOI, 2011).
Child labor is a term which defines work that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful to children and interferes with their schooling by: depriving them of the opportunity to attend school; obliging them to leave school prematurely; or requiring them to attempt to combine school attendance with excessively long and heavy work (ILO, 2012).
Summary of Chapters
INTRODUCTION: Defines child labor based on international standards and establishes the research focus on investigating the combined effects of various economic factors on its prevalence.
FACTORS CAUSING CHILD LABOR: Details the seven variables chosen for the study, ranging from economic indicators like GDP and FDI to social factors such as literacy, globalization, and slavery.
RESEARCH QUESTION: Identifies the central query regarding the major causes of child labor.
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES: Outlines the goals of finding causing factors, measuring their association, and identifying the most sensitive variable.
HYPOTHESIS: Formulates the null and alternate hypotheses regarding the dependence of child labor on independent variables.
THEORATICAL FRAMEWORK: Provides a conceptual overview of how the selected independent variables are modeled to influence child labor.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: Explains the choice of linear and binary logistic regression analysis for statistical evaluation using 2014 data from 32 countries.
SPSS Tables & statistical interpretation: Presents the regression models, diagnostic checks (normality, multicollinearity, etc.), and the interpretation of standardized coefficients.
DISCUSSION: Summarizes the findings, noting that literacy and labor force are sensitive variables in the linear model, while FDI is highly sensitive in the binary model.
LIMITATIONS: Discusses constraints regarding data availability and the necessity of using proxies for certain variables.
RECOMMENDATIONS: Suggests potential improvements for future data collection and model variable selection.
CONCLUSION: Recaps the success of the models in identifying relationships and confirming the rejection of the null hypotheses.
Keywords
Child Labor, GDP, Foreign Direct Investment, Literacy Rate, Labor Force Participation, Social Globalization, Ease of Doing Business, Slavery, Linear Regression, Binary Logistic Regression, Macroeconomic Factors, Statistical Modeling, Poverty, Modern Slavery, Human Trafficking.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core focus of this research paper?
The paper examines the relationship between various macroeconomic and social factors, such as GDP, FDI, and literacy rates, and the prevalence of child labor in 32 different countries.
Which factors are considered key drivers of child labor?
The researchers analyzed seven specific variables: GDP, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), literacy rates, labor force participation, social globalization, ease of doing business, and slavery.
What is the primary objective of the study?
The goal is to determine which of the pre-selected factors have the most significant impact and sensitivity regarding the occurrence of child labor.
What statistical methods are employed in this analysis?
The study utilizes both multiple linear regression and binary logistic regression models to evaluate the dataset and test the significance of the chosen variables.
What does the main body of the paper cover?
The main body focuses on theoretical frameworks, data collection for the year 2014, the construction of regression models, and the detailed statistical interpretation of SPSS outputs.
Which keywords best characterize this work?
Key terms include Child Labor, Macroeconomic Factors, Regression Analysis, FDI, Literacy Rate, and Modern Slavery.
How was the "Child Labor" variable handled in the binary logistic model?
The researchers transformed the continuous child labor data into a categorical variable by calculating the mean, splitting observations into those below and above the average.
Why was the "Final Model" considered an improvement over the initial binary model?
After removing influential observations identified through Cook's distance, the model's predictive accuracy improved from 81.3% to 89.3%, indicating a stronger, more reliable fit.
- Quote paper
- Aqsa Siddiqui (Author), Nausheen Shakeel (Author), Sahar Butt (Author), 2016, Determining Factors Causing Child Labor By Using Multiple Linear And Logistic Regression Analysis, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/315816
