Artocarpus heterophyllus belong to the Moraceae family and are abundant in Western Ghats. The fruit provide two MJ per kg/wet weight of ripe perianth and contain high levels of carbohydrates, protein, starch, calcium and vitamins. Jackfruit has diverse medicinal uses especially for anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-cancer and anti-fungal activity.
MatK (maturase K) genes are fast evolving, highly variant regions of plant chloroplast DNA that can serve as potential biomarkers for DNA coding and also in generating primers for plants with identification of unique motif regions. Advances in the genetic markers such as RFLP and PCR based methods are more reliable for identification of genetic diversity than morphological markers, although each technique has advantages and limitations.
The objective of this research work was to estimate the level of genetic diversity and to assess genetic relationships among six varieties of jackfruit using ‘matK gene’ based on PCR technique and RFLP markers. The partial sequence of the ‘matK’ gene of six different Artocarpus varities was used in the analysis. The size of amplified products was approximately 700 bp. After sequencing and sequence editing, sequence information on a 674 bp region was finally obtained for analysis.
The alignment of sequences revealed two haplotypes out of 674 sites. The nucleotide frequencies are 30.00% (A), 37.69% (T/U), 17.93% (C), and 14.39% (G). Being one of the underutilized fruits in India, Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. has promising leads to further scientific researches and livelihood strategies. The study of matK gene using PCR and RFLP seems to a promising tool in establishing genetic diversity among jackfruit varities. The tree, indigenous to the Western Ghats, is an important source of nutritious food during summer season. Encouragements should be made to the marketing as well as value added food products from this underutilized fruit tree.
Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1 Taxonomical classification
- 2. Review of literature
- 3. Hypothesis
- 4. Materials and Methods
- 4.1 Study area
- 4.2 Sample collection
- 4.3 Isolation of DNA
- 4.4 Quantification of DNA
- 4.5 PCR amplification
- 4.6 Data sequencing
- 4.7 Data analysis
- 4.8 Data collection
- 4.9 Proximate analysis
- 4.10 Statistical analysis
- 5. Results and discussion
- 5.1 Estimation of Dry matter & moisture content
- 5.2 Estimation of crude protein
- 5.3 Estimation of crude fat
- 5.4 Estimation of crude ash
- 5.5 Estimation of crude fibre
- 5.6 DNA isolation
- 5.7 Polymerase chain reaction
- 5.8 Molecular phylogentic analysis using 'matK' gene
- 5.9 Restriction fragment length polymorphism
- 5.10 Polymorphic sites
- 5.11 Analysis
- 6. Conclusions
Objectives and Key Themes
The objective of this study is to investigate the genetic relationships among six varieties of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) in Kerala using PCR and RFLP marker techniques focusing on the matK gene. The research aims to provide insights into the genetic diversity and relationships within these varieties.
- Genetic diversity of jackfruit varieties in Kerala.
- Application of PCR and RFLP techniques for genetic analysis.
- Phylogenetic analysis using the matK gene.
- Assessment of genetic relationships among jackfruit varieties.
- Morphological characterization of jackfruit varieties.
Chapter Summaries
1. Introduction: This chapter provides a general introduction to the study, outlining the background information on jackfruit, its importance, and the rationale for conducting this research. It sets the stage for the subsequent chapters by introducing the topic of genetic diversity within jackfruit varieties and the methods used to analyze it. The inclusion of the taxonomical classification of jackfruit provides a foundation for understanding the plant's place within the broader botanical context.
2. Review of literature: This chapter reviews previous research on jackfruit genetics and related studies, establishing the current state of knowledge in the field. It likely covers previous uses of PCR and RFLP techniques in analyzing plant genetics, offering a context for the current study's methodology and expected results. The review lays the groundwork for the hypotheses presented later and explains how this research expands on, or differs from, prior work.
3. Hypothesis: This chapter presents the hypotheses that will be tested in the research. The authors will likely posit hypotheses concerning the level of genetic diversity among the studied jackfruit varieties and the potential relationships between genetic similarity and phenotypic characteristics. This section establishes clear, testable predictions that are then evaluated in the results and discussion.
4. Materials and Methods: This chapter details the methodology employed in the study, covering aspects such as sample collection, DNA extraction, PCR amplification, RFLP analysis, and statistical methods. It provides a comprehensive description of the experimental design, allowing for reproducibility. This section is vital for understanding the reliability and validity of the research findings presented later.
5. Results and discussion: This chapter presents the results obtained from the experiments, including data on DNA isolation, PCR analysis, RFLP analysis, morphological characteristics, and statistical analyses of the data. The interpretation of these results is also included, potentially showing patterns of genetic similarity/dissimilarity among the jackfruit varieties and linking them to the initial hypotheses. Discussion may connect the results to prior literature and discuss any limitations of the study.
Keywords
Jackfruit, Artocarpus heterophyllus, genetic relationships, PCR, RFLP, matK gene, genetic diversity, Kerala, molecular phylogenetics, morphological characterization.
Frequently Asked Questions about "A Study of Genetic Relationships Among Jackfruit Varieties in Kerala"
What is the main objective of this study?
The main objective is to investigate the genetic relationships among six varieties of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) in Kerala using PCR and RFLP marker techniques, focusing on the matK gene. The research aims to provide insights into the genetic diversity and relationships within these varieties.
What methods were used in this study?
The study employed various methods, including: sample collection, DNA isolation, DNA quantification, PCR amplification, data sequencing, data analysis, data collection, proximate analysis, statistical analysis, and morphological characterization. Specifically, PCR and RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) marker techniques were used to analyze the matK gene.
What are the key themes explored in this study?
Key themes include the genetic diversity of jackfruit varieties in Kerala, the application of PCR and RFLP techniques for genetic analysis, phylogenetic analysis using the matK gene, assessment of genetic relationships among jackfruit varieties, and morphological characterization of jackfruit varieties.
What are the key findings (in summary)?
Detailed results are presented in Chapter 5 ("Results and discussion"), covering data on DNA isolation, PCR analysis, RFLP analysis, morphological characteristics, and statistical analyses. The findings likely reveal patterns of genetic similarity/dissimilarity among the jackfruit varieties, relating these to the initial hypotheses. The chapter also includes an interpretation of these results and discussion connecting them to prior literature, along with any limitations of the study. Specific details regarding dry matter, moisture content, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, and crude fiber estimations are also included.
What is the structure of the report?
The report is structured as follows: Introduction (including taxonomical classification), Review of Literature, Hypothesis, Materials and Methods (detailing each step of the process), Results and Discussion, and Conclusions. A table of contents provides a detailed breakdown of the sections and subsections.
What specific data was analyzed?
The study analyzed data related to DNA isolation and sequencing, PCR amplification results, RFLP analysis (including polymorphic sites), and morphological characteristics. Proximate analysis data (dry matter, moisture content, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, and crude fiber) was also collected and analyzed.
What is the significance of the matK gene in this study?
The matK gene was the focus of the PCR and RFLP analysis. Its analysis allowed for molecular phylogenetic analysis, providing insights into the genetic relationships among the different jackfruit varieties.
What types of statistical analysis were used?
The report mentions the use of statistical analysis, but the specific methods are not detailed in this preview. Refer to Chapter 4 ("Materials and Methods") for the complete methodology used.
What are the keywords associated with this research?
Keywords include: Jackfruit, Artocarpus heterophyllus, genetic relationships, PCR, RFLP, matK gene, genetic diversity, Kerala, molecular phylogenetics, and morphological characterization.
Where can I find the complete study?
This is a preview of the complete study. Contact the publishing company for access to the full document.
- Quote paper
- Dr. Prem Jose Vazhacharickal (Author), Sajeshkumar N.K. (Author), Jiby John Mathew (Author), Sophyiamol Jose (Author), 2017, Studies on genetic relationships among six varieties of jackfruit in Kerala employing the "matK" gene using PCR technique and RFLP markers, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/351271
