This paper sets out to historicize on the trajectories of budgeting and their implementation in Ghana and Nigeria and make an analysis of some of their budgets and implementation and examine in detail, the causative factors orchestrating the phenomenon of improper budget planning and implementation.
Besides, the paper ascertains the role of law enforcement and anti-corruption agencies in budget policing and specifically examines some selected incidences of lapes within the implementation period. Furthrtmore, it identifies the impications of the prevalence of improper budget implementation and assesses the role of law enforcement and corruption agencies in both countries in order to ascertain detected lapses in implementation. To relate and connect an aspect of this paper with another of the author’s paper on the politics of godfatherism in Nigeria is also important.
The aim is to weigh a common factor bordering on bloated salaries of top government officials as it affects various aspects of governance and development. The paper also proffers recommendations on practical ways to arrest the malaise of under-implementation of budgets which has resulted in protracted underdevelopment.
Content
Introduction
Hypothesis
Abstract
1. Methodology
2. History of Budgets
3. Theoretical framework
3.1. Stewardship Theory
3.2. Theory of Class Struggle
3.3. Roles and activities of two financial crime agencies
4. Reasons for the Gap
4.1. Politics
4.2. Corruption
4.3. Repitition and duplication of budget items
4.4. Leakages and substandard supplies
4.5. Lack of sincere economic policy
4.6. Improper planning
4.7. Wasteful spending and borrowing
4.8. Lack of information
4.9. Abandoned and inflated projects
4.10. Weak interest from the citizens
4.11. Discontinuity in political succession
4.12. Lack of modalities for checking budget implementation
4.13. Weak suport for the civil society
4.14. Late budget approvals
4.15. Lack of policing mechanisms
4.16. Slow judicial process
4.17. Inadequate resources
5. Graphic measurements of welfare as an indicator of Human Development in Nigeria: 2006-2015
5.1. Outrageous cost of governance
6. Insecurity and crime as a consequence of poverty
7. Recommendations
8. Conclusion
Bibliography
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