Groundwater manganese concentration from the Chandrapur district of Central India was assessed during winter 2012. Groundwater sampling was carried out by grab sampling method in 36 sampling locations comprised of 34 hand pumps and two dug wells. Groundwater samples for manganese were preserved by adding conc. Groundwater manganese concentrations were estimated by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy. Groundwater iron concentration from the study area during winter 2012 was in the range of 0.0015-1.85 mg/L (SD±0.36). Groundwater manganese concentration in seven water samples were above the permissible desirable limit of Indian Standards for drinking water (IS 10500:2012, desirable limit for Mn, 0.3 mg/L max.).
This elevated concentration of manganese in groundwater from the study area can be attributed to weathering of mineral bearing rocks, mining activities and also to some extent to anthropogenic activities. Spatial distribution of manganese was observed in the study area. Further, shallow, deep and very deep well water had variable manganese concentration. Upper earth surface had lower manganese concentration, however present, can be attributed to anthropogenic activities whereas deeper earth surface had higher manganese concentration that can be assigned to geogenic origin.
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION
STUDY AREA
Climate and Rainfall
Geomorphology
Hydrogeology
Geology
Ore mineralization
Water resources
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Water sampling
Analytical procedures
Questionnaire survey
Statistical analysis
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Research Objectives and Core Topics
The primary objective of this study is to assess the spatial distribution and concentration levels of manganese in groundwater within the Chandrapur district of Central India, an area significantly impacted by coal mining activities. By analyzing water samples from various depths and locations, the study seeks to determine whether manganese contamination originates from anthropogenic activities or geogenic sources, while evaluating the water quality against established Indian and international drinking water standards.
- Analysis of spatial distribution of manganese in groundwater.
- Evaluation of groundwater quality regarding heavy metal contamination.
- Assessment of the impact of coal mining and geogenic sources on water composition.
- Correlation analysis between manganese levels, pH, conductivity, and depth.
- Comparison of findings with Indian Standards for drinking water (IS 10500:2012).
Excerpt from the Book
INTRODUCTION
Manganese is one of the most abundant metals in soils, where it occurs as oxides and hydroxides, and it cycles through its various oxidation states. Manganese occurs principally as pyrolusite (MnO2), and to a lesser extent as rhodochrosite (MnCO3). More than 25 million tonnes of manganese are mined every year, representing 5 million tons of the metal, and reserves are estimated to exceed 3 billion tonnes of the metal. The main mining areas for manganese ores are South Africa, Russia, Ukraine, Georgia, Gabon and Australia.
Manganese is widely distributed in soils, sediments, rocks, water, ambient air and biological materials. Within 16 km Earth’s crust, manganese occurs at a concentration of ~950 mg/kg. Thus, manganese is the second most abundant heavy metal, and in the frequency list of elements it occupies 12th place. The Earth core contains about 1.5% manganese (Falbe and Regitz, 1999), and the manganese content of rocks ranges from 350 to 2000 mg/kg, with highest concentration in mafic rocks. Manganese is an essential element for all species. Some organisms, such as diatoms, mollusks and sponges, accumulate manganese. Fish can have up to 5 ppm and mammals up to 3 ppm in their tissue, although normally they have around 1 ppm.
Chapter Summaries
INTRODUCTION: Provides a background on the prevalence of manganese in nature and reviews global scientific literature regarding groundwater contamination and its health and environmental implications.
STUDY AREA: Describes the geographical, climatic, geological, and hydrogeological characteristics of the Chandrapur district, emphasizing its status as an important mining hub.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Details the field sampling protocols for groundwater, the analytical techniques used for measuring parameters like manganese concentration, and the statistical methods employed for data processing.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Presents the analytical findings, including the spatial distribution of manganese, correlation with physical parameters like depth and pH, and compliance with drinking water standards.
CONCLUSION: Summarizes the study's findings, confirming the geogenic and anthropogenic origins of manganese in the area and urging government intervention for clean water provision.
Keywords
Central India, Chandrapur, Groundwater quality, Heavy metal, Manganese, Coal mining, Geogenic, Anthropogenic, Water pollution, Hydrogeology, Groundwater depth, Drinking water standards, Principal Component Analysis, Chemical weathering.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core focus of this research paper?
The research focuses on assessing the spatial distribution of manganese concentrations in the groundwater of the Chandrapur district in Central India, specifically investigating the impact of local coal mining and natural geogenic factors.
What are the key thematic areas covered?
The key themes include groundwater quality assessment, geochemical analysis of heavy metals (specifically manganese), the influence of mining activities, geological structure, and health-related water standards.
What is the primary research question?
The study aims to determine the extent of manganese contamination in regional groundwater and to identify whether the source of this elevation is primarily geogenic or driven by anthropogenic activities related to industrialization and mining.
Which scientific methods were employed?
The researchers utilized grab sampling for groundwater collection, ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy) for elemental analysis, and various statistical tools including Pearson correlation and Principal Component Analysis to interpret the data.
What does the main body of the work cover?
The main body covers a comprehensive review of global manganese studies, a detailed profile of the study area's geology and hydrogeology, methodology for sample collection, and an extensive discussion on how depth, pH, and other ions correlate with manganese levels.
Which keywords characterize the work?
The study is best described by keywords such as Central India, Chandrapur, Groundwater quality, Heavy metal, Manganese, and Geogenic origin.
How does the depth of the well influence manganese levels?
The study found a steady increase in manganese concentration at greater depths, which suggests that the contamination at these levels is likely of geogenic origin due to the richness of mineral-bearing rocks in the deeper earth crust.
What did the comparison with Indian Standards show?
The comparison revealed that a significant percentage of water samples exceeded both the acceptable limit (0.1 mg/L) and the permissible limit (0.3 mg/L) for manganese as set by the Indian Standards for drinking water.
- Citar trabajo
- Rahul Kamble (Autor), 2017, Spatial Distribution of Groundwater Manganese in Central India, Múnich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/382048
