A relatively small amount of research addresses romantic relationship communication on Facebook. However, the aim of this literature review was to conclude current research about romantic relationship communication of European and North American adolescents and young adults on Facebook.
Communication behaviours were observed in Knapp’s (1978) three relational stages: formation, maintenance, and dissolution. Facebook was found to be a significant communicational tool for adolescents and young adults in romantic relationships. Findings displayed that not only communication between partners but also between couple and network influence relationship outcomes. The availability of information can lead to dialectical struggles between relationship partners (Baxter, 2011), and high levels of social control from romantic relationship partners’ networks.
A special importance of Facebook was found in the relationship formation, where Facebook serves as the main tool to communicate and to gather information about potential and existing partners. Relationship maintenance on Facebook requires publications of relationship information. The frequency and importance of those publications depends on the relationship partners and their Facebook networks. No research has been conducted on relationship dissolutions on Facebook yet. Although, research on behaviours after the dissolution revealed that former partners cleared their profiles from information connected to ex-partners. Harassment and monitoring of ex-partners were also reported behaviours. More research is needed to provide sufficient evidence to validate the presented data. Additionally, only a small amount of research addresses the reliability of offline behaviour and links between offline and online behaviour in the field of romantic relationships.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
1.1 Method
1.2 The Sociological Problem of Romantic Relationships
2. Theories
2.1 Social Exchange Theory
2.2 Social Exchange Theory and Romantic Relationships
2.3 Social Network Theories and Analysis
2.4 Knapp’s Relational Stage Model
2.5 Baxter’s Relational Dialectics Theory
3. Communication on Facebook and Facebook User Demographics
3.1 Understanding Facebook Communication
3.2 Internet and Facebook Usage
3.2.1 Facebook usage in general population
3.2.2 Facebook usage in adolescents and young adults
3.2.3 Facebook relationship status distributions
3.2.3.1 Relationship status distributions of all ages
3.2.3.2 Relationship status distributions of young adults
3.2.4 Gender differences
3.3 Conclusion
4. Romantic Relationships and Facebook
4.1 Romantic Relationship Formation and Facebook
4.1.1 Facebook’s role in early romantic relationship stages.
4.1.1.1 Usage and strategies
4.1.1.2 Implications for social acting
4.1.2 Becoming Facebook official
4.2 Romantic Relationship Maintenance and Facebook
4.2.1 Maintaining a romantic relationship on Facebook
4.2.2 Representing a romantic relationship on Facebook
4.3 Romantic Relationship Dissolution and Facebook
5. Discussion
6. Conclusion
Objectives and Research Focus
The primary aim of this literature review is to synthesize existing research on how adolescents and young adults in Europe and North America utilize Facebook as a communication tool across different stages of their romantic relationships. The study seeks to address the research question: "How do European and North American adolescents and young adults in romantic relationships use Facebook to communicate in different romantic relationship stages?"
- Application of theoretical frameworks (Social Exchange Theory, Social Network Theory, Knapp's Relational Stage Model, and Relational Dialectics) to online interactions.
- Examination of Facebook usage demographics among adolescents and young adults across various countries.
- Analysis of communication behaviors in the stages of relationship formation, maintenance, and dissolution.
- Investigation of gender differences in Facebook usage and communication patterns within romantic contexts.
- Evaluation of the impact of social networks and public information disclosure on relationship legitimacy and dialectical tensions.
Excerpt from the Book
4.1.1.1 Usage and strategies.
Berger and Calabrese (1975) identified 3 strategies to reduce uncertainties in the relational stages; passive, active and interactive strategies. According to Luhmann (1985), all these strategies represent a certain form of communication. Passive strategies are used to gather information about the potential partner without intruding (Fox & Anderegg, 2014). Fox and Anderegg stated that on Facebook, this indirect and delayed communication might be looking at the potential partner’s profile, posts, pictures and videos. Active strategies are characterised by gathering information without contacting the potential partner itself (Fox & Anderegg, 2014). On Facebook, this can be achieved by communicating with persons who are in the potential partner’s social network, such as friends or people connected to the potential partner’s profile and who are, for example, tagged on pictures, videos or posts on the potential partner’s profile (Fox & Anderegg, 2014). Interactive strategies can be described by the direct retrieval of information from the potential partner (Fox & Anderegg, 2014). Facebook provides users with chat, video and audio call functions, but also comment section offer room for communication with a potential partner (Fox & Anderegg, 2014).
Facebook as a database makes it possible to apply passive strategies, the potential partner’s social network’s members allow active strategies and the potential partner itself interactive strategies respectively (Fox & Anderegg, 2014). Therefore, direct social exchanges only happen while applying active and interactive strategies. If the potential partner’s profile is public, passive strategies are more likely to be applied than when the potential partner’s profile is set on private and contents are inaccessible by the public (Fox, Warber & Makstaller, 2013). If the profile is private active strategies are applied, for example asking friends whether they can access the potential partner’s profile and reveal information such as the Facebook relationship status, etc. (Fox et al., 2013). Building new social ties with Facebook friends of the potential partner can be used to confirm already gathered information about the potential partner, which was for example retrieved from the Facebook profile (Gibbs, Ellison & Lai, 2011; Baxter & Wilmot, 1984).
Summary of Chapters
1. Introduction: This chapter defines the scope of the literature review, focusing on romantic relationships, the significance of Facebook as a communication tool for adolescents and young adults, and states the core research question.
2. Theories: This section establishes the theoretical framework, utilizing Social Exchange Theory, Social Network Theories, Knapp's Relational Stage Model, and Baxter's Relational Dialectics Theory to explain interaction behaviors.
3. Communication on Facebook and Facebook User Demographics: This chapter defines communicational functions of Facebook and provides a detailed demographic analysis of Internet and Facebook usage, relationship status distributions, and gender differences.
4. Romantic Relationships and Facebook: The central chapter analyzes the role of Facebook in the distinct stages of romantic relationships: formation, maintenance, and dissolution, incorporating both qualitative findings and theoretical applications.
5. Discussion: This section synthesizes the main findings, addresses the ambiguity of Facebook’s impact on relationship quality, and reflects on the limitations of the current research landscape.
6. Conclusion: The final chapter summarizes the thesis, highlighting that while Facebook is a vital communicational tool, more systematic research is needed to understand the dynamic, network-dependent nature of modern relationships.
Keywords
Romantic Relationship, Facebook, Social Networking Site, Online Social Media, Communication, Relationship Formation, Relationship Maintenance, Relationship Dissolution, Social Exchange Theory, Relational Dialectics Theory, Knapp's Relational Stage Model, Adolescents, Young Adults, Gender Differences, Online Behavior
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the fundamental focus of this thesis?
The thesis is a literature review that investigates how Facebook functions as a communication tool within the romantic relationships of adolescents and young adults in Europe and North America.
What are the primary thematic areas covered?
The work covers theoretical perspectives on social interactions, the functional use of Facebook features, demographic usage patterns, and the application of these concepts to the three stages of romantic relationships: formation, maintenance, and dissolution.
What is the central research question?
The research question is: "How do European and North American adolescents and young adults in romantic relationships use Facebook to communicate in different romantic relationship stages?"
Which scientific methods were employed for this review?
The author conducted a literature review, analyzing both qualitative and quantitative data from English and German sources published within the last 10 years, structured through a specific theoretical framework.
What does the main body of the work address?
The main body examines Facebook’s role in shaping romantic dynamics, specifically looking at how users manage uncertainty, disclose status, perform maintenance, and navigate the complexities of relationship dissolution within digital social networks.
What keywords best characterize this research?
Key terms include Romantic Relationship, Facebook, Social Networking Site, Relationship Formation, Maintenance, Dissolution, Relational Dialectics, and Social Exchange Theory.
How do "passive" and "active" strategies function on Facebook?
Passive strategies involve gathering information from a profile without interaction (e.g., viewing photos), while active strategies involve indirect information gathering through the social network of the potential partner (e.g., asking friends or checking mutual connections).
What role does "becoming Facebook official" play in a relationship?
According to the research, "becoming Facebook official" serves as a significant interpersonal statement of commitment that provides external legitimacy to the relationship, though it also introduces potential social pressure and network-based scrutiny.
How does the author characterize the role of social networks in digital relationships?
The author highlights that social networks have increased power over relationship development on Facebook, as the high visibility of content allows external network members to monitor or intervene in the dyadic relationship.
- Citar trabajo
- Max Korbmacher (Autor), 2017, Facebook as a Communicational Tool in Romantic Relationships of European and North American Adolescents and Young Adults, Múnich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/386683
