Crude oil production is a major requirement to sustaining the well begins of any petroleum company. This will entail the effective placement of all facilities and equipment; surface or subsurface in order to achieve optimum volume of crude oil production, this is usually called production optimization.
In this study, the software prosper was utilized to case study well J-12T Well J-12T, a natural producer was producing at its peak oil rate at 6137 STB/d at 0% water-cut by mid-1973 but since then production has been on the decline due to increasing water-cut and decreasing reservoir pressure. But to date, the well is producing at an oil rate of 1431 STB/d at a water-cut of 50%.The VLP/IPR data were matched to well test flow rate measurement with a deviation of about 0,0534%, thereafter a short and long term optimization plan scenarios such as sensitivity runs on the well head pressure, tubing sizes, and gas lift technique respectively etc for the well, were simulated in PROSPER and then evaluated.
The results of this work suggests that; by lowering the Christmas tree pressure from 180 to 120psi the well’s life can be extended to 70% water-cut, also increasing the tubing size from 2,992" to 3,958" ID is also recommended. The gas lift method was found to be more economical as it can produce up to a maximum economic water cut of 90% with optimum gas injection rate of 3.3MMscf/d and oil production rates will increased from 1431 STB/d to about 3000 STB/d at 50% water-cut.
Table of Contents
1.0 General Introduction
1.1 Scope of Study
1.2 Objective of Study
1.3 Modalities of Study
1.4 Restriction(s) of Studies
2.0 Nodal Analysis
2.1 Nodal Analysis Theory and Concept
2.2 Inflow Performance of a Well
2.2.1 Darcy’s Equation
2.2.2 Productivity Index (PI)
2.2.3 IPR Curve
2.2.4 IPR in Single Phase Flow
2.2.5 IPR in Two Phase Flow
2.2.6 Vogel’s Equation
2.2.7 Fetkovich and Multirate Fetkovich
2.2.8 Jones and Multi-rate Jones
2.2.9 Transient
2.3 Tubing Performance of a Well
2.4 Choke Performance
2.5 Gradient Curves
2.5.1 Liquid Flow Rate
2.5.2 Gas to Liquid Ratio (GLR)
2.6 Operating Point
2.6.1 Favourable GLR
2.6.2 Water Cut
2.7 Multiphase Flow
2.8 Overview of the Gas Lift System
2.8.1 Forms of Gas Lift Systems
2.9 Injection Gas Pressure Requirement
2.9.1 Gas Lift Volume Requirement
3.0 History of Well J-12T
3.1 Methodology
3.1.1 PROSPER’S Setup for Sensitivity Analysis
3.1.2 Working Procedure for Well Model Set-up
3.1.3 Options Summery
3.2 PVT Data
3.2.1 PVT Matching Procedures
3.2.2 Regression
3.2.3 Parameters
3.3 Equipment Data
3.3.1 Deviation Survey
3.3.2 Surface Equipment
3.3.3 Downhole Equipment
3.3.4 Geothermal Gradient
3.3.5 Average Heat Capacities
3.4 Gas Lift Data
3.5 IPR Data
3.6 Matching of the IPR Model
3.6.1 VLP Matching
3.6.2 IPR Matching
4.0 Interpretation and Discussion of Sensitivity Analysis
4.1 Simulate Base Case Forecast
4.2 Evaluation of Various Optimization Plans
4.3 Short Term Optimization of Well J-12T
4.3.1 Sensitivity on Tubing Head Pressure
4.3.2 Sensitivity on Tubing Size
4.4 Long Term Optimization of Well J-12T
4.4.1 Gas Lift Design
4.4.2 Modelling Well J-12T with Gas Lift
4.5 Optimum Gas Injection Rate
4.5.1 Positioning of Valves
4.5.2 Results from Gas Lift Design for Well J-12T
4.6 Sensitivites on Gaslift Injection Rates
4.7 Oil Production Forecast for Well J-12T Gaslift
4.8 Economic Evaluation
4.9 Optimization Results for Well J-12T Gaslift
5.0 Conclusion and Recommendations
Objectives and Topics
The primary objective of this project is to optimize the production performance of well J-12T by utilizing the PROSPER nodal analysis software to evaluate and implement both short-term and long-term optimization strategies.
- Nodal analysis of production systems.
- Short-term optimization via sensitivity analysis of wellhead pressure, choke sizes, and tubing sizes.
- Long-term optimization through the design and application of gas lift techniques.
- Determination of optimal gas injection rates for maximizing oil recovery.
- Economic evaluation of production based on water-cut constraints.
Excerpt from the Book
1.0 GENERAL INTRODUCTION
Petroleum production involves two distinct but intimately connected general systems; the reservoir, which is a porous medium with unique storage and flow characteristics and the surface gathering separation and storage facilities. During their transportation from the reservoir to the surface, these fluids require energy to overcome friction losses and to lift products to the surface. The production system in use in an oil or gas field consists of several components where pressure losses may occur, thus affecting the well performance in terms of production rate.
In order to optimize production performance and determine the exact effect of each component on the production rate, it is important to analyze the entire production system from the reservoir to the surface network; hence this process of analysis is called nodal analysis or system analysis. Oil and gas production optimization ensures that wells and facilities are operating at their peak performance at all times to maximize production. Too often, production engineers face problems due to ill-sized tubing or ill-sized chokes when the selection of the values of those parameters that will best fit their field properties and production demand, is incorrect. It includes a good understanding about production systems and reservoir fluid. It is therefore imperative to select the best values for parameters such as the tubing size, the wellhead pressure, and the choke size and the surface flow-line diameter.
Summary of Chapters
1.0 GENERAL INTRODUCTION: This chapter provides an introduction to production systems and the importance of system analysis (nodal analysis) in optimizing well performance.
2.0 NODAL ANALYSIS: This chapter covers the fundamental theories of nodal analysis, inflow performance relationships (IPR), tubing performance, and the gas lift system.
3.0 HISTORY OF WELL J-12T: This chapter details the history of the case study well, the methodology for data entry in PROSPER, and the procedure for PVT and IPR model matching.
4.0 INTERPRETATION AND DISCUSSION OF SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS: This chapter presents the results of sensitivity runs for various optimization scenarios, including short-term pressure/tubing adjustments and long-term gas lift designs.
5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS: This chapter summarizes the findings of the study and provides actionable recommendations for the future management of well J-12T.
Keywords
Nodal Analysis, Production Optimization, Well J-12T, PROSPER, Gas Lift, Inflow Performance Relationship (IPR), Vertical Lift Performance (VLP), Reservoir Pressure, Water-cut, Sensitivity Analysis, Tubing Size, Multiphase Flow, Oil Production, Completion Design, Well Performance.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the primary focus of this study?
The study focuses on the production optimization of well J-12T using the PROSPER software, specifically utilizing a nodal analysis approach to evaluate performance under current and future conditions.
Which key parameters are analyzed for production improvement?
The study evaluates parameters such as tubing head pressure (THP), tubing sizes, and the application of gas lift techniques to improve oil production rates.
What is the core objective regarding the nodal analysis?
The goal is to maximize the well's production rate by analyzing the entire system from the reservoir boundary to the surface, identifying constraints, and adjusting variables to optimize flow.
Which software is used for the simulation?
The study exclusively uses PROSPER, a production and system performance analysis software developed by Petroleum Experts.
What methodology is applied in the main body of the work?
The methodology involves constructing a robust PVT model, matching this model to field data, performing sensitivity analysis on operational variables, and evaluating various long-term optimization strategies.
How is the performance of the well currently measured?
Performance is characterized by key metrics including IPR and VLP, evaluated against actual well test data from the Niger Delta region.
What specific result was found regarding the Christmas tree pressure?
The study recommends lowering the Christmas tree pressure from 180 psi to 120 psi, which can extend the productive life of the well to a 70% water-cut.
What is the conclusion about the gas lift method?
Gas lift is identified as the most economical optimization method, capable of sustaining production up to a 90% water-cut with an optimum injection rate of 3.3 MMscf/d.
- Citation du texte
- Anireju Emmanuel Dudun (Auteur), 2014, The use of Prosper in studying the Production Optimization of an Oil Well, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/388079
