This article is for those who have wondered why the Ngonis in Central Malawi like to use the word "Wawa" in their daily endeavors.
Each culture or tribe has its own peculiar characteristics with which a person can distinguish it others. It is highly true that most cultures resemble in their tradition but there is that particular essence that builds up that particular culture. However, these elements are not just parts of it that came from nowhere. There was and must be something that brought it to be, and this we call the philosophy of the people.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter One
The brief Origin of the Ngonis
Ngonis and their modesty and courtesy
The Ngoni greeting
Chapter Two
Zikomo /Wawa
CONCLUSION
Introduction
Each culture or tribe has its own peculiar characteristics which a person can distinguished it from another. It is highly true that most cultures resemble in their tradition but there is that particular essence that builds up that particular culture. However, these elements are not just part of it that came from nowhere. There was and must be something that brought it to be, and this we call the philosophy of the people.
To give an explicit demonstrational sentiment of some practices and their origin, I would start with the etymologies of words from different cultures. First and foremost, in Chewa there is a word ‘ mbingwani ’. This refers to a big log. How did it come to be? Well, generally it comes from the English word ‘big-one’. It is believed that when an English man was instruction some fellas to carry the logs, he also mentioned that, ‘Take the big one too’. The other fellow telling his friend, he reported that the white man called the big log ‘mbingwani’.
Another vivid example is about the place called ‘Tsangano’ in Malawi. the original name was to be ‘Nhlangano’. The Chewa speaking people who the Maseko Ngoni found in Ntcheu clearly could not be expected to pronounce the uniquely Nguni pronunciation of ‘Nhla’. ‘Nhlangano’ means a meeting place, and is an actual place and town in present day Swaziland.[1]
Chapter One
The brief Origin of the Ngonis
The Ngonis of different countries like Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe and Tanzania, trace their origins from the middle 1800. Maseko Ngoni originated from Swaziland while the Jele Ngoni originated from Zululand. We have no traits of their culture originally for the time they reached Malawi, they already found the Chewas who were already. It is only clear that after sometime, the Ngoni dialect died off and currently there are few individuals who can speak it and all the rest speech Chichewa.
Ngonis and their modesty and courtesy
However, the Ngonis were and are still known with respect and courtesy, despite their quarrelsome attitude. A lot of people for a long time have admired Ngoni women and have been recommended to marry such. Their women are hard-working people and very respectful to their husbands.
The Ngoni greeting
The Ngonis have a very familiar greeting of everyday life. Their origin greeting vanished as they spoke Chewa. The children always are trained to greet the elder and revere them. Although the greeting was adopted from the Chewas, there is some a slight difference which makes it unique. The Ngonis like the Bembas of Zambia, they also possess the greeting ‘Ali bwanji? ’, literally means ‘how are they?’. This greeting is common especially among the in-laws and elders. It is a tradition in most of the tribes of Malawi for the children to greet the elders ‘Muli bwanji? ’ which means ‘how are you’ but in plural form to show respect.
Chapter Two Zikomo /Wawa
To begin with ‘zikomo, the word literally expresses gratefulness. But on the other hand the word, although is used in such way, it has no direct meaning. Therefore, the Ngonis have used this word in place for ‘wawa’. ‘Wawa’ is another word which has no meaning at all but play a very big role in the Ngoni tradition. These words are used simultaneously when a person is passing another person. Its either plural or singular. This word is a very powerful word for it is used to recognize the presence of the other despite you knowing the person or not.
The Ngonis use this word also when they are responding to their elders, in a specific case, when the fathers call their sons only, for the ladies, their response is ‘webambo’. This word is so profound that it shows respect, recognition, attention, reverence and other forms of traditional values. When men and women are having their local brewed beer call ‘ mowa wa masese’ [2], when they are passing the chipanda[3] to one another, they use the word to express their respect in passing that ‘precious cup’ to the other person sitting next to him and also as a sign of hounouring that special gathering and communion shared among themselves.
The word is also used when one has already been answered and is invited to enter a house or is drawing near to the host. It does not say anything in particular but just shows respect and recognition of the other. Simultaneously, ‘wawa’ is also accompanied several gestures. The first gesture is when showing reverence. At this moment, the hands are held together or one puts his hand, either left or right, on his chest and he bends slightly while moving towards the appointed seat if offered. The second gesture is when one is taking off the hat on approaching someone. This displays an honest face to the host. With this act you prove that you are not hiding your identity and whatever your intensions are to the host, are good. Thirdly, similar to the first one, the also clap a distinct clap. Despite having no proper name, we can use the Bemba word for it called “Makuku” clap.[4]
The very interesting part of this word is that it is highly used and some Chichewa Bible versions, used this word especially on the calling of Samuel. The lord calls Samuel and he answers ‘wawa’ in Chichewa.
CONCLUSION
The wawa philosophy has now become so important among the Malawian people in general as it has contributed to their intersubjectivity and in so doing it has bounded the people together as they show respect for each other. This somehow has led to a higher self-awareness as it does give them identity as Malawians who are peace loving and united.[5] Development has improved among the people as united people contribute a lot to the developmental projects.
[1] http://sunduzwayo.blogspot.com/2015/03/the-ngoni-of-malawi-history-revisted.html
[2] The synonym of mbege or chibuku
[3] The traditional cup made from one type of pumpkin. (insupa)
[4] A clap by curving the palms to produce a distinctive sound.
Frequently asked questions
What is the main topic of this text?
This text explores the cultural characteristics and philosophy of the Ngoni people, particularly focusing on their origins, greetings, and the significance of words like "zikomo" and "wawa" in their traditions.
Where do the Ngoni people originate from?
The Maseko Ngoni originated from Swaziland, while the Jele Ngoni originated from Zululand. Their origins can be traced back to the mid-1800s.
What is the significance of the word "mbingwani"?
The word "mbingwani" in Chewa refers to a big log. It's believed to have originated from the English phrase "big-one," used by English speakers instructing others to carry large logs.
What does "Nhlangano" mean and where is it located?
"Nhlangano" means a meeting place and is an actual place and town in present-day Swaziland. The place called "Tsangano" in Malawi is a derivative of the word "Nhlangano".
How has the Ngoni language evolved over time?
The original Ngoni dialect has largely died out in Malawi, with most people now speaking Chichewa. Few individuals can still speak the original Ngoni language.
What are some notable traits of the Ngoni people?
The Ngoni people are known for their respect, courtesy, and hardworking women who are respectful to their husbands.
What is the Ngoni greeting and how does it differ from Chewa greetings?
The Ngoni greeting ‘Ali bwanji? ’, which means ‘how are they?’, is similar to the Bemba greeting and is common among in-laws and elders. While they adopted greetings from the Chewas, there are slight differences that make it unique. Children often greet elders with ‘Muli bwanji? ’, which means ‘how are you’ in plural form to show respect, a practice common in many Malawian tribes.
What is the importance of "zikomo" and "wawa" in Ngoni culture?
"Zikomo" literally expresses gratefulness, but has no direct meaning. "Wawa" also has no direct meaning but is a very important word in Ngoni tradition, used when passing another person, regardless of whether they are known or not. These words are used simultaneously.
How is "wawa" used in different contexts?
"Wawa" is used when fathers call their sons (ladies respond with 'webambo'), when passing the chipanda (traditional cup) during local beer gatherings, and when inviting someone into a house. It is often accompanied by gestures such as holding hands together on one's chest, removing a hat, or clapping in a specific way (similar to the Bemba "Makuku" clap).
How has the "wawa" philosophy impacted Malawian society?
The "wawa" philosophy has become important in Malawian society, contributing to intersubjectivity and bonding people together by showing respect for each other. This has led to higher self-awareness and a sense of identity as peace-loving and united Malawians, and has also contributed to development as united people contribute more to the developmental projects.
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- Gift Ed Blair (Autor), 2018, The Wawa Philosophy. About the culture of the Ngonis of Malawi, Múnich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/421203
