Supra Ventricular Tachycardia refers to rapid rhythm of heart for a reason other than exercise, high fever and stress. This kind of faster heart beats originates and is sustained in atrial or atrioventricular nodal tissue, and then transmits improper electrical activity from the upper part of the heart through the bundle of His and cause a rapid ventricular response. They may start either from the atria and atrioventricular node.
The heart beats in a normal healthy individual will be at least a 100 beats per minute but in SVT there may be a heartbeat reaches upto 300 beats per minute. Generally, many persons with these tachyarrhythmias have structurally normal hearts [1]. SVT may start and stop quickly, and you may not have symptoms. SVT becomes very complicate when it happens often and lasts for a long time or causes its symptoms.
Table of Contents
A REVIEW ON SUPRAVENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA
Introduction of SVT:
Epidemiology:
Causes:
Signs and Symptoms:
SVT Symptoms and Signs in Infants and Children:
Diagnosis:
TREATMENT:
Risk Factors:
Prevention of SVT:
Complications:
Life Style Modifications:
Types of SVT’s:
Atrial Fibrillation:
Atrial Flutter:
Paroxysmal Supra Ventricular Tachycardia:
Wolf Parkinson White Syndrome:
Atrio Ventricular Re-Entrant Tachycardia:
Objectives and Key Topics
This work provides a comprehensive review of Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT), aiming to clarify its pathophysiology, diagnostic procedures, and management strategies. The primary goal is to examine the various subtypes of SVT, understand the underlying triggers, and explore current therapeutic interventions to improve patient outcomes and quality of life.
- Pathophysiological mechanisms of SVT and reentrant circuits.
- Clinical presentation and diagnostic methods including ECG analysis.
- Treatment approaches ranging from vagal maneuvers to radiofrequency ablation.
- Risk factors and lifestyle modifications for prevention.
- Detailed analysis of specific subtypes like Atrial Fibrillation, Flutter, and WPW Syndrome.
Excerpt from the Book
Atrial Fibrillation:
Atrial fibrillation can be described as an extreme faster (400 to 600 atrial beats/min) and abnormal activation of atria. There is an absence or loss of atrial contraction, and supraventricular impulses generates the atrioventricualr(AV) conduction system in variable degrees, resulting in irregular ventricular activation and irregularly irregular pulse (120 to 180 beats/ min) [19].
Atrial fibrillation is a frequent and unexpected cardiac arrhythmia [20]. Atrial fibrillation is an age dependent affecting 4% older than 60 years and 8% older than 80 years. Almost 25% of the SVT patients aged 40 years and older will develop AF [21]. The prevalence of Atrial Fibrillation is 0.1% in younger than 55 years and 3.8% in 60 years or above and 10% in 80 years or older [22]. Atrial fibrillation incidence significance is higher in men than women [23]. Atrial fibrillation is common in white race than in black race. However atrial fibrillation is often associated with other cardiovascular diseases, only 10-15% cases of atrial fibrillation occur in the absence of comorbidities. The risk of stroke from atrial fibrillation is estimated to be 1.5% for the age group of 50-59 years and it approaches 30% for the age group of 80-90 years [24].
Summary of Chapters
Introduction of SVT: Provides a fundamental definition of supraventricular tachycardia and explains its origin within atrial or atrioventricular nodal tissue.
Epidemiology: Discusses the prevalence rates of SVT across different demographic groups, including age and gender-related variances.
Causes: Identifies the primary mechanisms of SVT, specifically reentry and increased automaticity, along with various environmental and physical triggers.
Signs and Symptoms: Details the clinical presentation in adults, infants, and children, emphasizing the variability in symptomatic experience.
Diagnosis: Explains the diagnostic toolkit, including ECG, Holter monitoring, and echocardiography, used to identify irregular heart rhythms.
TREATMENT: Reviews clinical management strategies, from non-invasive vagal maneuvers and medications to invasive procedures like catheter ablation.
Risk Factors: Outlines various medical and lifestyle factors, such as thyroid problems and nicotine use, that elevate the risk of developing SVT.
Prevention of SVT: Offers practical guidelines on lifestyle changes and trigger avoidance to minimize the recurrence of SVT episodes.
Complications: Highlights the long-term risks of untreated SVT, including heart failure and cardiac arrest.
Life Style Modifications: Focuses on diet, weight management, and substance avoidance as integral components of cardiac health.
Types of SVT’s: Categorizes the various forms of tachycardia, setting the stage for specific subtype analysis.
Atrial Fibrillation: Explores the mechanism, prevalence, and diagnostic features of AF, the most common SVT subtype.
Atrial Flutter: Describes the distinct regular rhythm of atrial flutter and its relation to atrial fibrillation.
Paroxysmal Supra Ventricular Tachycardia: Examines the episodic nature and abrupt onset of PSVT.
Wolf Parkinson White Syndrome: Analyzes the electrical abnormalities caused by accessory pathways and the associated risks of pre-excitation.
Atrio Ventricular Re-Entrant Tachycardia: Details the reentrant circuits found in AVRT and the role of the accessory pathway in its pathophysiology.
Keywords
Supraventricular Tachycardia, SVT, Atrial Fibrillation, Atrial Flutter, Paroxysmal SVT, Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome, AVNRT, AVRT, Reentry Mechanism, Electrocardiogram, Cardiac Arrhythmia, Catheter Ablation, Vagal Maneuvers, Heart Rate, Sinus Rhythm.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core subject of this publication?
This book provides a thorough review of Supraventricular Tachycardia, covering its definition, mechanisms, clinical significance, and current management protocols.
Which specific areas of cardiac health are highlighted?
The text focuses on the electrical system of the heart, the various types of tachyarrhythmias, and the diagnostic and therapeutic interventions for these conditions.
What is the main objective of this work?
The objective is to consolidate medical knowledge regarding SVT to help readers understand the pathology, clinical symptoms, and treatment options available for different patient populations.
Which scientific methods are discussed for managing SVT?
Management techniques include non-pharmacological interventions like vagal maneuvers, pharmacological approaches such as beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers, and invasive procedures like radiofrequency ablation and cardioversion.
What topics constitute the main body of the text?
The main body covers the epidemiology of SVT, detailed analysis of subtypes (AF, Flutter, PSVT, WPW, AVNRT, AVRT), diagnostic procedures, and preventive lifestyle modifications.
Which keywords define the scope of this research?
Key terms include Supraventricular Tachycardia, Reentry, ECG, Atrial Fibrillation, Accessory Pathways, and Catheter Ablation.
How does Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome contribute to SVT episodes?
WPW involves an accessory pathway that allows electrical signals to bypass the AV node, potentially leading to faster conduction and severe arrhythmias when combined with other conditions.
Why is early diagnosis of AVNRT important?
Early diagnosis helps in preventing long-term cardiac complications and allows for effective management of frequent episodes, thereby improving the patient's hemodynamic stability.
What role does lifestyle modification play in preventing SVT?
Lifestyle changes, such as maintaining a healthy weight, diet, and limiting alcohol and stimulants, are crucial for reducing the frequency of episodes and mitigating risk factors.
- Citar trabajo
- Dr. Sagar Pamu (Autor), 2018, A Review on Supra Ventricular Tachycardia. An ECG Explanation on Irregular Heart Beats, Múnich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/424758
