State, Society and Sanitation. A Study of Sanitation Campaign in Bihar with Special Reference to the Rural and Tribal Communities in the District of Kaimur

Tesis de Máster , 2017 , 91 Páginas , Calificación: 2.1

Política - Otros temas de política internacional

Safe and sustainable sanitation is a sine qua non for ensuring community health, economic well being and realizing the benefits of demographic dividend. Safe sanitation is vital to prevent faecal-oral diseases widely prevalent amongst communities practicing traditional sanitation methods. Insanitation while being harmful to human health is also against the dignified living conditions. Approximately 2.6 billion people are without access to basic sanitation across the globe. Rural India is faced with even greater challenge of insanitary conditions where millions of masses lack access to basic sanitation facilities and roadside open defecation and urination is commonplace due to widespread poverty, ignorance, and cultural barriers and myriad of other factors. Inadequate sanitary facilities impede free functioning of the individuals in several other spheres of life and impose undesirable restrictions on the social status, mobility; political influence including economic losses. Sanitation is closely linked to the socio-economic conditions of the masses prevailing in rural India. The widespread poverty, lack of secure income and infrastructural deficiencies pose hindrances in building and accessing sanitation facilities for a large number of people. Insanitation also augments gender bias and poses difficulties to the womenfolk in a multitude of ways, women in rural India, as in most parts of the world, often suffer from lack of privacy, harassment and need to walk large distances to find a suitable place for defecation in the absence of household latrines. Recognising the imperative of achieving complete sanitation for all these vulnerable communities in a time bound manner the UN Sustainable Development Goals 6 and specifically target 6.2 seeks to achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations by 2030. Behavioural issues and cultural barriers often undesirably inhibit communities to access safe sanitation.

Inhaltsverzeichnis (Table of Contents)

• Chapter 1. Introduction
• 1.1 Background
• 1.2 Rural Sanitation Policies in India
• 1.3 Current Scenario of Rural Sanitation
• 1.4 Statement of Problem
• 1.5 Scope of the Study
• 1.6 Research Questions
• 1.7 Research Objectives
• 1.8 Limitations of the Study
• 1.9 Organization of Dissertation
• Chapter 2. Review of Literature
• Chapter 3. Research Methodology
• 3.1 About the District of Kaimur
• 3.2 Demographic and Socio-Economic Structure of the Community
• 3.3 Methods of Study
• 3.4 Subject Population
• 3.5 Sampling Methods
• 3.6 Methods of Data Collection
• Chapter 4. Socio-Economic Background of the Community
• 4.1 Social Background of the Community
• 4.2 Economic Background of the Community
• 4.3 Gender Profile of the Community
• 4.4 Status of Civic Amenities in the Community
• 4.5 Household Asset Profile in the Community
• 4.6 Debt Profile of the Households in the Community
• 4.7 Conclusion
• Chapter 5. Findings and Analysis
• 5.1 Status of IHHL Construction of Households
• 5.2 Sources of Labour for IHHL Construction
• 5.3 Time Span Lapsed After IHHL Construction
• 5.4 Sources of Funds for IHHL Construction
• 5.5 Status of IHHL Subsidy Payment to Households
• 5.6 Status of Willingness to Construct IHHL
• 5.7 Places of Defecation in the Community
• 5.8 Status of Maintenance and Cleanliness of IHHL
• 5.9 Sanitation Awareness Programmes and Stakeholders
• 5.10 Status of Supply Chain and Manpower Availability for sanitation Programmes
• 5.11 Social Status and Sanitation
• 5.12 Economic Status and Sanitation
• 5.13 Gender and Sanitation
• 5.14 Debt Burden of Households and Sanitation
• 5.15 Availability of Construction Material and Sanitation
• 5.16 Conclusion

Zielsetzung und Themenschwerpunkte (Objectives and Key Themes)

This dissertation aims to analyze the implementation of sanitation campaigns in the Kaimur district of Bihar, focusing on rural and tribal communities. It explores the social, economic, and gendered dimensions of sanitation practices, particularly in relation to the construction of individual household latrines (IHHL). The study examines the factors influencing the success or failure of the sanitation campaign, highlighting the challenges and opportunities faced by the community.

• The role of state policies and programs in sanitation promotion.
• The socio-economic factors influencing sanitation practices.
• The impact of gender on sanitation access and usage.
• The challenges and opportunities in implementing sanitation campaigns in rural and tribal communities.
• The effectiveness of IHHL construction as a strategy for improving sanitation in rural areas.

Zusammenfassung der Kapitel (Chapter Summaries)

• Chapter 1 provides an introduction to the research topic, outlining the background of sanitation policies in India and the current scenario of rural sanitation. It highlights the problem statement, scope, research questions, objectives, and limitations of the study.
• Chapter 2 reviews relevant literature on sanitation in India, focusing on rural and tribal communities. It examines various perspectives on sanitation policies, implementation challenges, and community participation.
• Chapter 3 outlines the research methodology, including the study area, demographic and socio-economic profile of the community, methods of study, subject population, sampling methods, and data collection techniques.
• Chapter 4 explores the socio-economic background of the community, examining social, economic, gender, and civic amenity aspects. It also presents data on household asset profiles and debt burden.
• Chapter 5 analyzes the findings of the study, examining the status of IHHL construction, sources of labor and funds, subsidy payments, willingness to construct, places of defecation, maintenance and cleanliness, awareness programs, and the impact of social, economic, and gender factors on sanitation.

Schlüsselwörter (Keywords)

This research focuses on sanitation in rural and tribal communities in Bihar, specifically the Kaimur district. The study utilizes an empirical approach to examine the effectiveness of individual household latrine (IHHL) construction as a sanitation intervention. It explores the interplay of social, economic, and gender factors in shaping sanitation practices. Key terms include rural sanitation, IHHL, sanitation campaigns, community participation, gender, social determinants of health, and development practice.

• Curso: M.A.(Development Practice)
• Calificación: 2.1
• Autor: M.B.A., M.A. Ajitesh Kumar Tiwari (Autor)
• Año de publicación: 2017
• Páginas: 91
• No. de catálogo: V439088
• ISBN (Ebook): 9783668811317
• ISBN (Libro): 9783668811324
• Idioma: Inglés
• Etiqueta: SANITATION, SOCIAL POLICY, Society, Bihar, India, Kaimur