This thesis is an initial approach to analyze the design and implementation of an e-vehicle sharing system in the P3 Group oÿce in Paris. An overview of the electric vehicle charging infrastructure, along with the relevant aspects of charging modes is provided. A showcase of the analysis of di˙erent car-sharing models within Europe is given, after which a specific case study is analyzed in greater detail. The parameters and features for the system were derived from a competitive benchmark of the car-sharing models on the market today. The objective was to assist the company in planning and managing a corporate e-vehicle sharing system in a profitable way while o˙ering the employees good quality service. Therefore, the cost of designing and installing the P3 EV charging station was evaluated. On this matter, empirical data was gathered from P3 employees to better understand their daily commute, their needs and their expectations of the system. An optimization model for distances, cost and charging patterns was discussed and formalized as an integer linear program in MATLAB. Given the complexity inherent to this optimization model, stochastic distribution was employed to minimize the cost for the company, taking into consideration the trips paid and the costs involved–namely, the personal wage of an employee. A focus on the optimal design of an e-vehicle sharing system was necessary, while considering the problem’s dimensionality (number of vehicles, parking places, battery capacities, etc.) and employee relocation time. This study determines if the system provides higher net benefits to the company than available transportation alternatives. As a result of this pricing comparison, a significant reduction in total cost could be achieved for the company. The data set conclusively supports the implementation of the e-vehicle sharing system, which provides a decreased cost versus the use of public transportation. A possible avenue of future research is to extend the functionality of the developed model by adding a responsive user demand and possibly, maximizing the car-sharing ridership between employees.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
1.1 Motivation
1.1.1 Shift towards E-Mobility
1.1.2 Need for an E-Vehicle Sharing System in Paris
1.2 Research Objective
1.3 Thesis Structure
2. Literature Review
2.1 Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure
2.1.1 Home Charging Equipment
2.1.2 Semi-Public Charging Points
2.1.3 Public Charging Stations
2.2 Electric Vehicle Charging Modes
2.2.1 Mode 1
2.2.2 Mode 2
2.2.3 Mode 3
2.2.4 Mode 4
2.3 Understanding Car-Sharing Systems
2.3.1 Car-Sharing Principles
2.3.2 Car-Sharing Models
2.3.3 Market Analysis of Car-Sharing Providers
2.4 Case Study Selection - Autolib’
3. Design and Cost Evaluation of Electric Vehicle Charging Station
3.1 E-Vehicle Sharing System Technology
3.2 Technological Architecture of E-Vehicle Sharing System
3.3 Requirements for Building an E-Vehicle Sharing System for P3 Office
3.3.1 Planning Background
3.3.2 Operational Issues
3.3.3 Station Design
3.3.4 Station Installation and Costs
4. User Experience Design for the Need of P3 Employees
4.1 Data Collection
4.1.1 Survey Design
4.1.2 Mobility Habits and Journey Scenarios
4.2 User Interface Design
4.2.1 Use Case Scenarios
4.2.2 Application Mockup
5. Development of an E-Vehicle Sharing Optimization Model
5.1 Problem Formulation
5.1.1 Mathematical Model
5.1.2 Graph Theory
5.2 Model Description
5.2.1 Parameter Settings
5.2.2 Model Approach - Time Independent
5.2.3 Model Approach - Time Dependent
5.3 Model Implementation
5.3.1 Grey Wolf Optimizer
5.3.2 Modeling in MATLAB
5.4 Results and Analysis
6. Conclusion and Outlook
6.1 Summary
6.2 Limitations
6.3 Future Research
Research Objectives and Core Themes
The primary objective of this thesis is to propose, design, and implement a corporate e-vehicle sharing system for the P3 Group office in Paris to enhance employee mobility and reduce travel costs. The study focuses on evaluating technical requirements, optimizing vehicle relocation, and comparing the e-vehicle sharing solution against traditional public transportation alternatives.
- Analysis of electric vehicle charging infrastructure and standard charging modes.
- Evaluation of different car-sharing business models and their suitability for corporate environments.
- Empirical study of employee commuting habits and needs through targeted surveys and interviews.
- Development of a mathematical optimization model (using integer linear programming) to minimize distances and costs.
- Conceptualization of a user interface and mobile application to facilitate efficient vehicle booking and management.
Excerpt from the Book
3.3.3 Station Design
Technological breakthroughs concerning the EV charging modes have the possibility to affect the situation and entirely change the actions needed. Suitable planning is required before selecting and ordering charging station hardware. Choosing the best-fit charging station is crucial for setting-up the e-vehicle sharing system. The type of station often predetermines the site, but mostly, can reduce the installation costs. The specifics of the station location can also impact upkeep and maintenance costs, especially that the costs of stations generally vary over a larger range depending on the type of installation and the number of charging points [53].
EV charging in Europe is defined by the standards in IEC 62196[21], where the Type 2 plug is largely deployed for AC charging [54]. In this project, a charging station provides power for the Renault ZOE for up to 11 kW. The parking station dealt with in this study is located in the southwestern suburbs area of Paris, under the marked address ”6 Chemin des Montquartiers, 92130 Issy-les-Moulineaux” shown in Figure 3.4. The aim of this section is not to determine where to install exactly the charging station in this area, but to have an overview about the process and requirement for setting up the infrastructure.
Summary of Chapters
1. Introduction: Outlines the motivation behind the global shift towards e-mobility and defines the research objective of implementing a corporate e-vehicle sharing system in Paris.
2. Literature Review: Provides a comprehensive overview of electric vehicle charging infrastructure, different charging modes, and analyzes various car-sharing business models and market participants.
3. Design and Cost Evaluation of Electric Vehicle Charging Station: Discusses the technical and operational requirements for setting up a charging station, including site planning, equipment selection, and a detailed cost analysis.
4. User Experience Design for the Need of P3 Employees: Details the empirical data collection from P3 employees and translates these user needs into a functional design for a mobile application interface.
5. Development of an E-Vehicle Sharing Optimization Model: Describes the mathematical and graph-theoretical approach used to create an optimization model for vehicle assignment, routing, and cost minimization using MATLAB.
6. Conclusion and Outlook: Summarizes the key findings of the thesis, acknowledges limitations, and provides suggestions for future research and improvements to the proposed system.
Keywords
E-Mobility, Car-Sharing, Electric Vehicles, Charging Infrastructure, Optimization Model, Integer Linear Programming, MATLAB, Grey Wolf Optimizer, User Experience Design, Corporate Fleet Management, Sustainability, Transportation Cost, Paris, Renault ZOE, Commuter Habits.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core focus of this research?
The research focuses on the design and implementation of a sustainable, cost-effective corporate e-vehicle sharing system for the P3 Group office in Paris to improve employee commuting.
What are the primary thematic areas addressed?
The thesis covers e-vehicle charging infrastructure, car-sharing business models, user experience design for mobile platforms, and mathematical optimization for logistics.
What is the main objective of the proposed optimization model?
The primary goal is to minimize the total travel distance and costs for the company, while ensuring vehicle availability and meeting employee demand for flexible transport.
Which scientific methods are applied in this work?
The study utilizes empirical data gathering (surveys/interviews), literature analysis, and mathematical optimization techniques, specifically using Integer Linear Programming and the Grey Wolf Optimizer algorithm implemented in MATLAB.
What topics are discussed in the main part of the thesis?
The main part covers the requirements for charging station installation, the development of a smartphone app for reservation management, and the construction of an optimization model to assign vehicles to employees.
Which keywords characterize this thesis?
Key terms include E-Mobility, Car-Sharing, Charging Infrastructure, Optimization, Corporate Fleet, and Sustainable Transportation.
How does the model handle the uncertainty of employee demand?
The model employs a stochastic approach, utilizing probability distributions for arrival and departure times based on survey data, allowing the system to operate effectively even with fluctuating real-world demand.
Why was the Renault ZOE selected for this study?
The Renault ZOE was chosen due to its suitability for European markets, its dimensions, and its ecological engine, making it a competitive choice for corporate short-range usage.
- Citar trabajo
- Anonym (Autor), 2018, Development and Implementation of an E-Vehicle Allocation Optimized System for Corporate Usage, Múnich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/455211
