Glass fiber reinforced polymer composites are one of the most important engineering material required for variety of sophisticated application in modern industry. The two components of FRP composite are matrix and reinforcement as glass fibers. The mechanical properties of FRP composite material depend on mainly an orientation, amount and type of fiber reinforcement which is present in it. In present work, the effect of various fibers orientation such as 0°/90°, ±45°, 0°/±45° on mechanical properties of FRP composite laminates has been studied.
The dimensions of various plates are taken as per ASTM standard. The material selected is glass fiber and general purpose resin. The composite plates with different fiber orientations and stacking sequence is fabricated using ‘Hand Layup Technique’. The work objective is to find toughness of composite laminate by varying fiber orientations. The impact strength of 10 samples are investigated by using Charpy impact test. Lastly the experimental results obtained from test is used to verify and developed finite element model and ANSYS result describing a composite plate under impact load.
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
Introduction
CHAPTER 2. BACKGROUND
2.1. Composite Material
2.2. Classification of Composite Material
2.3. Laminates
2.4. Properties of Composite Material
2.5. Advantages
2.6. Disadvantages
2.7. Applications
CHAPTER 3. LITERATURE REVIEW
Literature Review
CHAPTER 4. PROBLEM STATEMENT
4.1 Problem Statement
4.2 Objective of Work
CHAPTER 5. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
5.1 Selection of Material
5.1.1 Glass Fiber
5.1.2 Resin
5.1.3 Hardener
5.1.4 P.V.A
5.1.5 Wax
5.2 Tools Used
5.3 Specimen Geometry
5.4 Fabrication of Plates
5.4.1 Mixing Ratio
5.4.2 Hand Layup Technique
5.4.3 Stacking Sequence
5.4.4 Prepared Plate
5.5 Impact Test
5.5.1 Charpy Impact Test
5.5.2 Impact Testing Procedure
5.5.3 Testing of Plates
5.5.4 Observation Table
CHAPTER 6. ANALYSIS OF PLATES BY “ANSYS 14.5”
6.1 Loading and boundary conditions
6.2 Analysis Results
6.3 Observations Table
CHAPTER 7. COMPARATIVE RESULTS
Comparative Results
CHAPTER 8. RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS
Result and Discussions
CHAPTER 9. CONCLUSION
Conclusion
Objectives & Topics
This study aims to investigate the impact behavior of glass fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite laminates by varying their fiber orientation and stacking sequences. The primary research goal is to determine the optimal configuration for maximum impact toughness and to verify experimental findings using finite element analysis (ANSYS 14.5).
- Composite material properties and classifications
- Impact performance of various laminate stacking sequences
- Fabrication processes using the Hand Layup Technique
- Experimental testing via the Charpy impact test method
- Validation of experimental data through computational modeling (ANSYS)
Excerpt from the Book
5.1.1 Glass Fiber
Glass fibers are the most popular of all reinforcing fibers for polymer matrix composites. The use of glass fibers dates back to the ancient Egyptians for structural composites, the two commonly used types of glass fibers are E-glass and S-glass, because of their relative low cost and good quality. The E in E-glass stands for electrical as it was designed for electrical applications. The S in S-glass stands for higher content of silica. It retains its strength at high temperatures as compared to E-glass and has higher fatigue strength. It is used mainly for aerospace applications. The difference in the properties is due to the composition of E-glass and S-glass fibers. There are four main classes of glass used commercially high alkali (essentially soda-lime-silica: A glass), electrical grade (a calcium alumino-borosilicate with low alkali oxide content: E glass), chemically-resistant modified E glass grade (with calcium alumino-silicate: ECR glass) and high strength grade (with magnesium alumino-silicate and no boron oxide: S glass).
Fibers from any of these can be prepared, however, E glass fiber is the one most widely-used for reinforcement purposes, although S glass fiber has the highest tensile strength and elastic modulus of these four types of glasses. C-glass (C stands for corrosion) used in chemical environments such as storage tanks and A glass (A stands for appearance) used to improve surface finish. Combination types such as E-CR glass (E-CR stands for electrical and corrosion resistance), and AR glass (AR stands for alkali resistance) also exist. The main disadvantage of glass fibers is their poor adhesion to polymer matrix resins, particularly in the presence of moisture. This poor adhesion requires the use of chemical (saline) coupling agents on the surface of fibers.[6]
Summary of Chapters
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION: Discusses the growing demand for materials with superior strength-to-weight ratios in modern industry and introduces composite materials as a solution.
CHAPTER 2. BACKGROUND: Provides a theoretical overview of composite materials, their classification based on geometry and matrix types, as well as their advantages and disadvantages.
CHAPTER 3. LITERATURE REVIEW: Summarizes previous research conducted on the mechanical properties, impact behavior, and fiber orientation effects in various composite structures.
CHAPTER 4. PROBLEM STATEMENT: Outlines the research focus on testing composite specimens of varying fiber orientations and the objective of developing hybrid composites with improved properties.
CHAPTER 5. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE: Describes the fabrication of composite plates using the Hand Layup Technique and the specific methodology for the Charpy impact testing.
CHAPTER 6. ANALYSIS OF PLATES BY “ANSYS 14.5”: Covers the computational simulation phase, detailing the boundary conditions and the resulting impact energy values for various plate configurations.
CHAPTER 7. COMPARATIVE RESULTS: Presents a comparative analysis between the experimentally obtained impact energy data and the results generated by the ANSYS simulation.
CHAPTER 8. RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS: Analyzes the findings regarding the influence of fiber orientation on impact toughness and identifies superior stacking sequences.
CHAPTER 9. CONCLUSION: Reaches final conclusions on the benefits of specific stacking sequences and recommends configurations for automotive and wind turbine applications.
Keywords
Composite materials, FRP, glass fiber, impact behavior, stacking sequence, fiber orientation, Charpy impact test, ANSYS, Hand Layup Technique, mechanical properties, structural engineering, polymer matrix composites, impact toughness, simulation, laminate.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core focus of this publication?
This work explores the impact behavior of fiber-reinforced composite laminates specifically under varying fiber orientations and stacking sequences.
What are the primary fields of application mentioned?
The study relates to structural applications in industries such as aerospace, automotive engineering, and wind energy, where high impact resistance is required.
What is the main objective of the research?
The objective is to identify which fiber orientation provides the best impact toughness and to validate these experimental results through a Finite Element Method (ANSYS 14.5).
Which experimental method is utilized?
The research utilizes the Charpy impact test, a standardized high-strain-rate test used to measure the energy absorbed by a material during fracture.
What does the main body of the work cover?
The main body covers the selection of raw materials (glass fiber and resin), the fabrication of specimens via the Hand Layup Technique, and the subsequent impact energy testing and computational analysis.
Which keywords best describe this study?
Key terms include Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP), Charpy impact test, stacking sequence, ANSYS simulation, and mechanical properties of composites.
How are the composite plates fabricated in this study?
The plates are fabricated using the Hand Layup Technique, where layers of glass fiber are combined with polyester resin and cured under specific proportions.
Which stacking sequence was found to be superior?
The research concludes that the (0°/±45°/±45°/0°) fiber orientation provides significantly higher impact strength compared to other tested orientations.
How is the computational validation performed?
Validation is performed by developing a finite element model in ANSYS Workbench to simulate impact loading, allowing for a comparison between simulated and experimental energy absorption.
- Quote paper
- Dr. Kiran Jadhao (Author), 2018, The study of impact behavior of composite laminate by varying fiber orientation and stacking sequence, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/458887
