India’s plan to ramp up solar power generation to 100 GW by 2022 is among the largest in the world. It aims to bring sustainable, clean, climate-friendly electricity to millions of India’s people. The World Bank Group is moving to help India deliver on its unprecedented plans to scale up solar energy from installing solar panels on rooftops to setting up massive solar parks. This will catapult India to the forefront of the global effort to bring electricity to all, mitigate the effects of climate change, and set the country on a path to become the India of the future.
Solar power in India is a fast-developing industry, with a cumulative installed grid connected solar power capacity of 26,025.97 MW (26 GW) as of 31st December 2019. The Indian government has significantly expanded its solar plans, targeting 100 billion US dollar of investment and 100 GW of solar capacity (including 40 GW from rooftop solar) by 2022.
This book presents the status of renewable energy and solar PV technology at the beginning. A solar Photovoltaic (PV) cell converts solar radiation into electric energy with the help of a diode, two resistances and connected load. In order to harness the maximum power, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technique is used which is able to generate the power at Maximum Power point (MPP). The importance of two custom power devices namely, Distributed Static Compensator (D-STATCOM) and Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) is highlighted with its impact on Power Quality (PQ) especially considering various PQ issues. In this book, the impact of three-phase fault at unity power on the performance of solar PV grid tied system is highlighted. The PQ system performance has been evaluated under the influence of three-phase fault and waveforms are studied.
The effect of fault has been discussed at Point of Common Coupling (PCC) and Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) analysis has been done using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) tool of Matlab software. Finally, the THD at the various points of PCC are calculated and discussed at fundamental frequency. Finally, the role of D-STATCOM and UPQC in improving the PQ aspects for a solar PV grid tied system at unity power factor. Sag has been reduced in the current waveforms obtained at PCC whereas the THD levels have been reduced for utility grid side (i.e. the point where the fault has been introduced).
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Overview of Renewable Energy
1.3 Relevance of Renewable Energy in India
1.3.1 Grid-interactive renewable power
1.3.2 Off-Grid Renewable Power
1.4 Chapter Conclusion
Chapter 2 Introduction to Custom Power Devices
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Introduction to D-STATCOM
2.3 Introduction to Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC)
2.4 Basic configuration of UPQC
2.4.1 Series converter
2.4.2 Shunt converter
2.4.3 Midpoint-to-ground DC capacitor bank
2.4.4 Low-pass filter
2.4.5 High-pass filter
2.4.6 Series and Shunt transformers
2.5 Functions performed by UPQC
Chapter 3 Fault Analysis of Power Conditioning Systems
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Controlling Approach in Simulation Model
3.3 Simulation Results and Discussion
3.4 Chapter Conclusion
Chapter 4 Impact of D-STATCOM on Power Quality Aspects
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Control Methodology using D-STATCOM
4.3 Simulation Results and Discussion
4.4 Chapter Conclusion
Chapter 5 Effect of Three Phase Fault on PV System
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Computational Block Diagram
5.3 Voltage and Current Controllers
5.4 Maximum Power Point Tracking
5.5 Results and Discussion
5.6 Chapter Conclusion
Chapter 6 Impact of UPQC on Solar PV Grid Connected Systems
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Operation of UPQC
6.3 Results and Discussion
6.4 Chapter Conclusion
Chapter 7 Future Scope of Work
Research Objectives and Themes
The primary objective of this work is to evaluate the performance of solar photovoltaic (PV) grid-tied systems under fault conditions and to demonstrate the efficacy of custom power devices, specifically D-STATCOM and UPQC, in enhancing power quality (PQ) by mitigating voltage sags, swells, and harmonic distortions.
- Impact analysis of three-phase faults on grid-connected solar PV systems.
- Application of D-STATCOM for reactive power compensation and PQ improvement.
- Implementation of UPQC as a combined series-shunt active power filter to stabilize voltage and current profiles.
- Utilization of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) for optimal energy extraction under variable solar conditions.
- Evaluation of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis in the MATLAB/Simulink environment.
Excerpt from the Book
3.3 Simulation Results and Discussion
The simulation model shown in Figure 3.1 has been simulated for the 0.3 seconds. A three-phase fault has been introduced in B phase of the distribution line in between the three-phase transformer and grid. The fault resistance and ground resistance are 0.064 Ω and 0.0009 Ω, respectively. The ode45 Dormand-Prince solver has been chosen from the solver options of Matlab, which is of type variable step. In this section, the main study is carried out without the application of D-STATCOM on the utility grid side in the presence of three-phase fault at fundamental frequency.
As shown in Figure 3.2 (a), the waveform of DC-AC three-phase VSC converter current is shown during the effect of three-phase fault. The faulted period during which the fault has been introduced is 0.1 seconds to 0.2 seconds. The current which flows during this period is reduced as compared to non-faulted period. Similarly, the impact of three-phase fault is clearly evident from Figure 3.2 (b) which shows for DC-AC three-phase converter voltage. Sag (one of important PQ parameter) is observed in the waveforms for all phases for current, whose value is more than 3 per unit.
Summary of Chapters
Chapter 1 Introduction: This chapter provides an overview of renewable energy, focusing on solar PV technology and the importance of power electronics in grid-connected systems.
Chapter 2 Introduction to Custom Power Devices: This section defines custom power devices and introduces D-STATCOM and UPQC as essential components for maintaining power quality in distribution systems.
Chapter 3 Fault Analysis of Power Conditioning Systems: This chapter details the simulation of a solar PV grid-tied system and evaluates its performance under three-phase fault conditions without mitigation devices.
Chapter 4 Impact of D-STATCOM on Power Quality Aspects: This chapter demonstrates the role of D-STATCOM in mitigating voltage sags and improving harmonic distortion levels in grid-connected systems.
Chapter 5 Effect of Three Phase Fault on PV System: This chapter analyzes the performance of a double-stage solar PV system under faulted conditions, focusing on voltage/current control strategies and MPPT techniques.
Chapter 6 Impact of UPQC on Solar PV Grid Connected Systems: This chapter highlights the effectiveness of UPQC in injecting compensating voltages and currents to maintain sinusoidal profiles at the Point of Common Coupling.
Chapter 7 Future Scope of Work: This chapter outlines potential research directions, including the integration of microgrids with advanced AI-based controllers.
Keywords
Solar Photovoltaic, Grid-connected systems, D-STATCOM, UPQC, Power Quality, Total Harmonic Distortion, MPPT, Three-phase fault, VSC, MATLAB Simulation, Voltage sag, Harmonic compensation, Reactive power, Renewable energy, Power electronics.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core focus of this research?
The research focuses on analyzing the power quality of solar PV grid-tied systems when subjected to three-phase faults and testing the performance of custom power devices in mitigating these disturbances.
What are the primary themes covered in the work?
The work covers renewable energy integration, power electronic converter design, fault simulation, and the control of active filters like D-STATCOM and UPQC.
What is the ultimate goal of the proposed system?
The goal is to ensure stable and high-quality electrical power delivery by compensating for voltage sags and harmonic distortions induced by grid faults.
Which methodology is employed for performance analysis?
The work uses MATLAB/Simulink software to simulate fault conditions and evaluate system parameters, utilizing the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) tool for harmonic distortion analysis.
What is covered in the main body of the text?
The main body includes detailed chapters on modeling PV systems, the control methodology for D-STATCOM and UPQC, and simulation results showing power behaviors under faulted states.
Which keywords define this study?
Key terms include Solar Photovoltaic, Power Quality, D-STATCOM, UPQC, Grid-connected systems, and Total Harmonic Distortion.
How does the D-STATCOM contribute to the system?
D-STATCOM acts as a shunt compensation device to inject reactive power, effectively mitigating voltage sags and smoothing out distorted current waveforms at the point of installation.
Why is the UPQC considered a versatile device in this context?
UPQC is versatile because it operates as both a series and shunt active filter, allowing it to address both voltage harmonics and current distortions simultaneously.
- Citar trabajo
- Akhil Gupta (Autor), 2019, Matlab Simulations Using D-STATCOM and UPQC in Solar Photovoltaics. A Power Quality Analysis, Múnich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/459601
