“Research creates knowledge. Knowledge that expands our awareness and changes our perception of ourselves. Knowledge that shapes our thinking and gives us orientation” [BMBF, 2004]. The research of today leads to innovations of tomorrow. Mainly, every item we use in daily life emerged from research which scientists have done once. This paper gives an overview of the innovative systems of Germany and France. The main features such as scientific research, funding, link to foreign institutes, commercial orientation of research centres, labour mobility as well as the venture capital system and the national technology policy will be described briefly for each of the above mentioned countries. Additionally, there is a comparison between these features in Germany and France.
Inhaltsverzeichnis (Table of Contents)
- Introduction
- Features of the innovative system of Germany
- Scientific research
- Basic research funding
- Linkages with foreign research institutions
- Commercial orientation of research institutions
- Labour mobility
- Venture capital system
- National technology policy
- Features of the innovative system of France
- Scientific research
- Basic research funding
- Linkages with foreign research institutions
- Commercial orientation of research institution
- Labour mobility
- Venture capital system
- National technology policy
- Comparison between Germany and France
- Conclusion
- Literature consulted
Zielsetzung und Themenschwerpunkte (Objectives and Key Themes)
This paper provides an overview of the innovative systems of Germany and France, focusing on their strengths and weaknesses in research and development (R&D). The main features of each system are explored, including scientific research, funding, international collaboration, commercialization of research results, labor mobility, and national technology policies.
- Comparison of the innovative systems of Germany and France.
- Analysis of key features of each system, such as scientific research, funding, and international collaboration.
- Exploration of the role of research institutions in promoting innovation.
- Examination of the challenges and opportunities faced by each country in fostering innovation.
- Discussion of the importance of national technology policies in supporting innovation.
Zusammenfassung der Kapitel (Chapter Summaries)
The introduction sets the stage for the paper by highlighting the crucial role of research in generating knowledge and driving innovation. It emphasizes the significance of research in shaping our understanding of the world and the need for a comprehensive analysis of innovative systems.
Chapter 2 focuses on the innovative system of Germany, delving into various aspects such as scientific research, basic research funding, and linkages with foreign research institutions. It also explores the commercial orientation of German research institutions, labor mobility, and the venture capital system.
Chapter 3 examines the innovative system of France, mirroring the structure of Chapter 2 by analyzing scientific research, basic research funding, international collaboration, and commercialization of research results. It also discusses labor mobility, the venture capital system, and national technology policy in France.
Schlüsselwörter (Keywords)
The primary keywords and focus topics of this paper are innovation systems, research and development (R&D), scientific research, funding, international collaboration, commercialization of research results, labor mobility, venture capital systems, national technology policy, Germany, and France. These terms represent the core concepts and themes explored within the text, providing a clear understanding of its primary focus areas.
- Citation du texte
- Marieluise Bruch (Auteur), 2005, Comparison between the innovative systems of Germany and France, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/47563
