This essay gives some definitions of the term globalisation and reviews different interpretations of what Globalisation is about. It also explores the different impacts and effects of globalisation on higher education and especially higher education institutions nationally and internationally and focuses the european perspective on globalisation. Finally, it explores the institutional level by the example of the Georg-August-University Goettingen.
Globalisation is all around in today´s society. Everyday someone in the world is using a reference to global markets, threats, environment in conversations between academic persons, advertisers, politicians and so on. The process of globalisation influenced a lot of people and areas around the world. One area is higher education and especially the institutions of higher education. Researching the impacts of globalisation on education is an ongoing process in the field of international higher education. Globalisation is a challenge for universities and other institutions around the world that is growing and growing. It does not only bring positive aspects and opportunities to the field of higher education, it also carries a lot of concerns within higher education institutions.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Defining Globalisation
3. Impacts of Globalisation on international Higher Education
3.1 The beginning of Globalisation and its historical impact on Higher Education
3.2 GATS and Higher Education
3.3 The negative side of the impacts of Globalisation
3.4 International student mobility and program mobility
4. The European perspective: Europeanisation of Higher Education
4.1 The policy convergence and the Bologna process and after
4.2 Student mobility: the example of ERASMUS
4.3 Staff mobility for teaching
4.4 Connections between Europeanisation and Globalisation
5. The institutional level: Example of the Georg August University Goettingen
5.1 Strategy of Internationalisation at Georg August University Goettingen
5.2 Internationalisation of the Curriculum
5.3 Current international students at the University of Goettingen
6. Conclusion
Research Objective and Focus Areas
The primary objective of this coursework is to critically examine the multifaceted impacts of globalisation on higher education systems, both at the national and institutional levels, while exploring the distinct yet interconnected process of Europeanisation and its manifestation at the University of Göttingen.
- Theoretical definitions and interpretations of globalisation in the context of higher education.
- Economic and structural impacts of globalisation, including the role of GATS and student mobility.
- The Europeanisation process, focusing on the Bologna Process and Erasmus mobility programs.
- Institutional strategy and internationalisation efforts at the Georg August University of Göttingen.
- The paradox of widening access versus potential inequalities within globalised academic systems.
Excerpts from the Book
3.2 GATS and Higher Education
The GATS (General Agreement on Trade in Services) was introduced in 1995 by the WTO (World Trade Organisation) and is a set of rules for international trade in services (Knight, 2002).
Knight (2002), argues that “the demand for higher and adult education, especially professionally related courses and non-traditional delivery modes, is increasing in most countries. This is due to: the growth of the knowledge economy, movement to lifelong learning and changing demographics. While demand is growing, the capacity of the public sector to satisfy the demand is being challenged. This is due to budget limitations, the changing role of government, and increased emphasis on market economy and privatization.”
The GATS has impacts on Higher Education, for example, the mobility of professionals is regulated through the Agreement. This is effecting the service sectors because Higher Education is organising training programs to fulfil the needs of the economy. The lack of teachers in some countries has started the effort to win foreign professionals. But the problem is, that most teachers and researchers likely go to countries with better work circumstances and higher earnings. This will cause that developed countries will be more profited than others (Knight, 2002).
Summary of Chapters
1. Introduction: Presents the global influence of globalisation on higher education and outlines the essay's scope, covering definitions, systemic impacts, and a specific institutional case study.
2. Defining Globalisation: Provides a working definition of globalisation as an ongoing process of global flow in capital, labor, and technology, acknowledging its economic and cultural dimensions.
3. Impacts of Globalisation on international Higher Education: Examines the historical context, the influence of GATS, negative side effects like inequality, and the trends in student and program mobility.
4. The European perspective: Europeanisation of Higher Education: Explores the regional phenomenon of Europeanisation, detailing the Bologna Process and the role of mobility programs like Erasmus.
5. The institutional level: Example of the Georg August University Goettingen: Analyzes the practical application of internationalisation strategies, curriculum reform, and student demographics at the University of Göttingen.
6. Conclusion: Synthesizes the findings, highlighting how globalisation has spurred innovation and mobility while simultaneously challenging universities to address equity and quality assurance.
Keywords
Globalisation, Europeanisation, Higher Education, Bologna Process, ERASMUS, GATS, Internationalisation, Student Mobility, Knowledge Economy, University of Göttingen, Institutional Strategy, Curriculum Reform, Academic Mobility, Marketisation, Educational Inequality.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core focus of this academic work?
The work investigates how the global process of globalisation influences higher education institutions and national education policies, using both theoretical frameworks and practical case studies.
What are the primary thematic fields covered in the essay?
The main themes include the definition of globalisation, the influence of trade agreements like GATS on education, the Europeanisation of higher education, and institutional strategies for internationalisation.
What is the main research objective?
The objective is to explore the impacts of globalisation on international higher education at both institutional and national levels to understand how these dynamics shape modern universities.
Which scientific methodology is applied?
The essay utilizes a literature-based analytical approach, reviewing key academic theories on globalisation and Europeanisation, complemented by a case study analysis of the University of Göttingen's internationalisation strategies.
What does the main body of the text address?
It covers the definition of globalisation, its historical and structural impacts on education, the role of European political integration (Bologna Process), and a detailed look at the University of Göttingen's path toward internationalisation.
Which keywords best characterize this work?
The work is best defined by terms such as globalisation, Europeanisation, higher education policy, international mobility, and institutional internationalisation strategies.
How does the Bologna Process relate to the topic of globalisation?
The Bologna Process is presented as a European attempt to make higher education more competitive and harmonized in response to the challenges and pressures of an increasingly globalised world.
What specific institutional examples are used in the analysis?
The paper focuses exclusively on the Georg August University of Göttingen, specifically examining its strategic efforts toward internationalisation by 2020 and the systematic internationalisation of its curriculum.
Does the author consider the negative aspects of globalisation?
Yes, the author discusses the "negative side of the impacts of Globalisation," specifically highlighting the widening inequality between powerful, resource-rich universities and smaller academic systems.
- Citation du texte
- Laura Kirchhoff (Auteur), 2017, The impact of globalisation on international higher education at institutional and national level, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/478295
