This study aims to research the effects of garlic on the total cholestoral level of alloxan-induced rats and tries to draw potential conclusions on the use of garlic juices in terms of preventing the complications of diabetes.
Diabetes has been implicated in as one of the major risk factors in the development of cardiovascular disease. In diabetic patient an increase in the serum lipid profile has been noticed. Several medicinal plants have been used in the treatment of diabetes. This research therefore focuses on the effect of garlic (Allium sativum) on total cholesterol of alloxan induced diabetic rats.
Twenty (20) Adult wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 5): Group 1 served as the Control, Group 2 were administered with alloxan, Group 3 were administered with Alloxan+ Pioglitazone, Group 4 were administered with both Alloxan+ Allium sativum. After 4 week of experiment, all experimental animals were sacrificed. Blood was collected through eye puncture for the determination of Total cholesterol, HDL-Cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol, Triglyceride and Fasting blood sugar.
In diabetic rats, elevated levels of Total cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol, Triglyceride and Fasting blood sugar was noticed. The good cholesterol, HDL-Cholesterol, was, however, depleted. The abnormal alterations were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in groups administered with Garlic and groups administered with standard drug when compared to Alloxan only group. However, the administration of Garlic led to a decrease in the level Total cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol, Triglyceride and Fasting blood sugar in animals induced with diabetes.
These results indicate that garlic juice may help in the prevention of the complications of diabetes.
Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Aim of research
1.2 Specific Objectives
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Allium Sativum
2.1.1 General Description of Allium Sativum
2.1.2 Propagation of Allium Sativum
2.1.3 Scientific classification of of Allium Sativum
2.1.4 Ecology Requirements and Production of Garlic
2.1.5 Growth and Development
2.1.6 Composition and Uses
2.1.7 Therapeutic effect of Garlic (Allium sativum L.)
2.1.8 Effects of garlic on cardiovascular diseases
2.1.9 Effects of garlic on Diabetes mellitus
2.1.10 Phytochemicals and method of Analysis in Allium Species
2.2 Diabetes
2.2.1 History of Diabetes
2.2.2 Pathophysiology of Diabetes
2.2.3 Complications of Diabetes
2.2.4 Diagnosis of Diabetes
2.2.5 Types of diabetes mellitus
2.2.6 Risk factors of Diabetes
2.2.7 Old and new approaches to treatment
2.3 Glucose
2.3.1 Glucose in Diabetes
2.4 Cholesterol
2.4.1 Chemical Structure of Cholesterol
2.4.2 Good Cholesterol and Bad Cholesterol
2.4.1 Hyperlipidemia
3.0 Materials and Methods
3.1 Materials
3.1.1 Plant Materials
3.1.2 Apparatus and Equipments
3.1.3 Chemical Reagents
3.2 Methods
3.2.1 Plant Preparation
3.2.2 Management and Feeding of Animals
3.2.2.1 Feed composition
3.2.3 Grouping of Animals
3.2.4 Sacrifice and Sample Collection
3.2.5 Preparation of Samples
3.2.6 Determination of Total cholesterol
3.2.7 Determination of Triglyceride
3.2.8 Determination of Fasting Blood Sugar
4.0 Result
5.0 Discussion, Conclusion and Recommedation
5.1 Discusion
5.3 Recommendations
Research Goals and Core Themes
This research aims to investigate the impact of garlic (Allium sativum) on the total cholesterol levels and other metabolic markers in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. By evaluating biochemical changes and lipid profiles in a controlled experimental environment, the study seeks to determine if garlic supplementation can mitigate the elevated lipid and blood glucose levels associated with diabetic conditions.
- The therapeutic and pharmacological properties of Allium sativum (Garlic).
- Pathophysiology and management of Diabetes mellitus.
- Lipid metabolism, specifically the roles of cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides.
- Experimental induction of diabetes using alloxan in Wistar rats.
- Comparative analysis of blood markers between control, diabetic, and treated groups.
Excerpt from the Book
2.1.8 Effects of garlic on cardiovascular diseases
Garlic and its preparations have been widely recognized as agents for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The wealth of scientific literature supports the proposal that garlic consumption have significant effects on lowering blood pressure, prevention of atherosclerosis, reduction of serum cholesterol and triglyceride, inhibition of platelet aggregation, and increasing fibrinolytic activity (Chan et al., 2013). Both experimental and clinical studies on different garlic preparations demonstrate these favorable cardiovascular effects.
In invivo animal experiments, intravenous administration of garlic extracts produced slight reductions in both systolic and diastolic pressures (Sial and Ahmed, 1982) and oral ingestion of garlic extract in hypertensive animals brought the blood pressure back to the normal level (Chandekar and Jain, 1973). Several clinical studies showed that garlic reduced blood pressure in more than 80% of patients suffering from high blood pressure (Omar, 2013). In one trial, investigation on 47 hypertensive patients showed that garlic significantly decreased the mean systolic blood pressure by 12 mmHg and the mean supine diastolic blood pressure by 9mmHg versus placebo. The authors stated that garlic was free from side effects and no serious complication was reported (Auer 1990).
Summary of Chapters
1.0 Introduction: This chapter provides an overview of medicinal plants, introduces Allium sativum (garlic) as a therapeutic agent, and outlines the research objectives regarding its effect on diabetic rats.
2.0 Literature Review: This section covers the botanical classification, propagation, and chemical composition of garlic, alongside the pathophysiology of diabetes and cholesterol metabolism.
3.0 Materials and Methods: Describes the experimental design, including animal selection, group categorization, plant extraction, and the specific biochemical laboratory procedures used to analyze lipid and blood glucose levels.
4.0 Result: Presents the experimental findings through data charts and graphs showing the comparative levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, and blood glucose across the different test groups.
5.0 Discussion, Conclusion and Recommedation: Interprets the experimental results in the context of previous studies, confirms the potential of garlic to improve lipid profiles, and suggests further research and local cultivation strategies.
Key Words
Diabetes, Garlic, Allium sativum, Total cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, Triglyceride, Fasting blood sugar, Alloxan, Wistar rats, Lipid profile, Hypoglycemic, Phytochemicals, Medicinal plants, Cardiovascular disease.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the primary objective of this research?
The research is designed to evaluate whether the administration of garlic (Allium sativum) can effectively lower the total cholesterol levels and other metabolic abnormalities in rats that have been induced with diabetes using alloxan.
What are the main scientific themes explored in this work?
The study explores the medicinal properties of garlic, the mechanisms of diabetes mellitus, the role of lipid profiles in cardiovascular health, and the toxic effects of alloxan on pancreatic beta-cells.
What methodology was utilized to conduct this study?
The study used an experimental in-vivo approach where twenty Wistar rats were divided into four groups: a control group, an alloxan-only group, an alloxan plus pioglitazone (standard drug) group, and an alloxan plus garlic group. Over four weeks, blood samples were analyzed for lipid profile and glucose levels.
What does the main content cover?
The book details the biological background of garlic, the history and pathophysiology of diabetes, the role of cholesterol, and the precise laboratory protocols for measuring blood markers in the experimental animals.
How is the term "medicinal plant" defined in this context?
It refers to plants that possess therapeutic properties or exert beneficial pharmacological effects in an animal body, often due to naturally synthesized secondary metabolites and vitamins.
What keywords best characterize this scientific publication?
The paper is characterized by terms such as Diabetes, Garlic, Lipid profile, Alloxan, Wistar rats, and Cardiovascular disease.
Why is alloxan used in this study?
Alloxan is used as a toxic glucose analogue to selectively destroy insulin-producing beta-cells in the pancreas, successfully inducing an insulin-dependent diabetic state in the animal models.
What does the study conclude regarding the effect of garlic?
The study concludes that garlic administration led to a significant decrease in elevated levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and fasting blood sugar in the diabetic-induced rats, showing similar positive effects to the standard drug pioglitazone.
- Arbeit zitieren
- Adeniyi Fajobi (Autor:in), 2018, On the Effects of Garlic on the Total Cholestoral Level of Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats, München, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/490807
