In this paper a theory is proposed that our matter is excited Dark Matter (DM) with the addition of an Electromagnetic (EM) field. The method of excitation is the subject of this paper.
Excitation is predicted when a DM quanta group captures into closed wave orbit a photon. The orbiting photon creates EM outgoing and incoming EM waves as well as a standing spherical wave region inside the closed wave orbit. This theory integrates concepts from other theorists, prominently Doctor Milo Wolff’s theories that: (1) An outgoing or incoming EM wave creates a positive or negative charge. (2) An EM standing wave is the basis for particle self-assembly creating more complex composite particles including the atom. Standing Wave self-assembly replaces strong and weak nuclear force theories. Composite particles, atoms, crystals, and most of our observable matter are formed in Childiani regions described by spherical harmonic standing waves.
The photon’s polarizations determine different particle characteristics. A Clockwise (CW) or counter-clockwise (CCW) closed wave orbit creates the particle’s ‘up” and “down” as well as spin. Circular polarized photons determine if the outward spherical wave is outgoing or incoming based on the EM field vector direction when entering closed wave orbit.
A radially polarized photon’s EM waves exterior to the photon’s closed wave orbit may also be destructive, forming chargeless particles (neutrino).
This theory: (a) requires the scalar gravitational field, f, to be the photon’s travel medium with f having an index-of-refraction. (b) Mass becomes a function of f values at each point in space, as predicted by Gunnar Nordström. (c) Albert Einstein’s definition for a particle is used which is quanta having dimension. (d) Space is defined as flat, not curved as described in relativity. This theory predicts the trace stress–energy tensor or a flat space-time.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
1.1. Key Elements to this Theory
1.2. Unique Aspects to this Theory
2. A Synopsis of Current Pertinent Theories
2.1. Dr. Wolff’s Standing Wave Theory
2.2. Current Model for Dark Matter
2.2.1. DM Identified as Quanta
2.3. Nordström’s Scalar Gravitational Measurement
2.4. Einstein’s Scalar Gravity
2.4.1. Wolff’s Einstein Critique
2.5. Wolff’s Mathematical Model Creating Charge
2.6. The Significance of a Spherical Standing Wave
2.6.1. Φ Field & EM Fields are Different
2.6.2. Entanglement
2.6.3. Self-Assembly Creates Particles
2.6.3.1. Standing Wave Self Assembly
2.7. Does Φ Have an Index-of-Refraction
2.7.1. Current Theory
2.7.2. Requirement for the Theory Advanced
2.7.3. Lavenda’s Optical Properties of Gravity
2.7.4. Refraction in a Vacuum in a Magnetic Field
2.7.5. Galaxy Cluster IRC 0218 Refraction
3. How DM is Transformed into Detectable Matter
3.1. DMs Merging and Forming Larger Quanta
3.2. DM φ Properties Allow Photon Closed wave Capture
4. How a DM Captures a Photon
4.1. DM Group Φ Distribution IAW Newton’s Shell Theorem
4.2. Fundamental Constituents of a Positron & Electron
4.2.1. Creating Outgoing/Incoming EM Spherical Harmonic Oscillations
5. Determining the Fundamental Particles
5.1. Quanta Creation Degrees-of-Freedom
5.2. Modified Milo Wolff’s Electron Model Theory
5.3. Another Model for the Electron
5.4. DM Quanta Traveling & Standing Waves
5.4.1. Current Neutrino Information
5.4.2. Theorized Neutrino Construction
5.5. Determining the Proton’s Constituents
5.5.1. Quark Accelerator Observations
6. How Excited DM Quantas Form Composite Quantas
6.1. Describing the Proton
6.1.1. Quark’s Fractional Charge
6.1.2. Photons Merging or Splitting
7. Constructing the Atom
7.1. Simplest Atom the Positronium
7.2. The Hydrogen Atom
7.3. Heavier Elements
7.4. Photon Energy Levels in the Atom
Objectives & Core Topics
The primary objective of this paper is to propose a theoretical model in which matter is identified as excited Dark Matter (DM) interacting with Electromagnetic (EM) fields. The research addresses how nature transforms DM quanta into fundamental particles like electrons and positrons, and how these subsequently form atoms through standing wave self-assembly, thereby providing an alternative to traditional strong and weak nuclear force theories.
- Theoretical transformation of Dark Matter into detectable matter via photon capture.
- Integration of spherical harmonic standing wave models for particle structure.
- Reinterpretation of mass as a function of the scalar gravitational field (φ).
- Alternative explanation for atomic construction and stability using Chladni forces.
Excerpt from the Book
1. Introduction
This paper is a continuation wherein the concept has been evolving. Reference a “Theory of Matter and Cosmology.” [1]
A model is suggested how nature transforms a DM quanta into the fundamental particles such as the electron/positron and how the atom is constructed. Aspects of this theory are new and unique; however, this theory integrates in part many of the physical concepts theorized by the researchers Dr. Albert Einstein, Dr Yuri Ivanov, Dr. Milo Wolff, Dr. Geoff Hazelhurst, Dr. Karene Howie, Dr. Gabriel La Freniere, Dr. Daniele Funaro, Dr. Gunnar Nordström, Art Hobson and Xavier Borgas of Blaze Labs, and others. These researchers all describe matter as waves, not as points. Dr. Milo Wolff describes matter as spherical harmonic waves. Most significantly, Wolff describes matter as composed of fields and standing waves. Wolff describes the origin of charge and self-assembly. [2}
This theory provides a model agreeing with Gunnar Nordström theory that mass is a function of the scalar gravitational fields. Thus a particle has a mass characteristic based on its own gravitational field and contributing scalar gravitational fields from other particles. [2] Such a concept defines mass as a characteristic of φ. All matter is a field as theorized by Hobson.[3]
Summary of Chapters
1. Introduction: Presents the foundational concept that matter is excited Dark Matter (DM) and establishes the theoretical framework for particle structure.
2. A Synopsis of Current Pertinent Theories: Reviews existing wave-based theories and the current understanding of Dark Matter to support the proposed model.
3. How DM is Transformed into Detectable Matter: Details the model for DM interactions and the conditions necessary for DM to host EM fields.
4. How a DM Captures a Photon: Explains the mechanism of photon capture into closed wave orbits and the role of the scalar gravitational field.
5. Determining the Fundamental Particles: Identifies the fundamental particles as excited DM groups and outlines their degrees-of-freedom.
6. How Excited DM Quantas Form Composite Quantas: Discusses the formation of higher-order particles through standing wave self-assembly.
7. Constructing the Atom: Proposes an atomic structure where electrons are located in the nucleus, providing an alternative to standard nuclear force models.
Keywords
Dark Matter, DM Quanta, Standing Wave Theory, Scalar Gravitational Field, Photon Capture, Particle Self-Assembly, Electron Model, Positron, Atomic Construction, Wave Mechanics, Refraction, Chladni Forces, Elementary Particles.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core premise of this work?
The work proposes that all matter consists of Dark Matter (DM) quanta that become detectable when they capture a photon into a closed wave orbit, thereby hosting Electromagnetic (EM) fields.
What are the central themes of the research?
The central themes include the nature of Dark Matter, the use of spherical standing waves to explain particle structure, and the redefinition of mass as a function of the scalar gravitational field.
What is the primary objective of this study?
The objective is to explain how fundamental particles and atoms are constructed from DM quanta, offering a wave-based alternative to the Standard Model and conventional nuclear force theories.
Which scientific methodology is utilized?
The study utilizes theoretical physical modeling, integrating existing concepts from researchers like Milo Wolff and Gunnar Nordström, and analyzing experimental data from particle accelerators and astronomical lensing.
What does the main body of the paper cover?
The main body covers the mechanisms of photon capture, the identification of fundamental particle constituents, and the process of constructing atoms via standing wave self-assembly.
Which keywords best characterize this research?
Key terms include Dark Matter, scalar gravitational field, standing wave self-assembly, photon capture, and atomic structure.
How does this theory redefine mass?
Mass is redefined as a variable characteristic determined by the scalar gravitational field (φ) rather than being an intrinsic, conserved point-particle property.
Why is the "standing wave" concept critical to this atom model?
The standing wave regions are critical because they provide the necessary framework for particle stability and self-assembly, replacing the need for traditional strong and weak nuclear force theories.
- Citar trabajo
- Daniel Stark (Autor), 2019, How Is Dark Matter Transformed Into Detectable Matter? On the Method of Excitation, Múnich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/499497
