In this present work, Nano fuels were prepared by adding the cerium oxide nanoparticles to the cottonseed biodiesel. Biodiesel was manufactured from cottonseed oil using trans-esterification process. Nano fuels were prepared with high speed ultra-sonication and agitation process to increase the stability.
The fossil fuel resources are limited along with the need to reduce emission which is major impulse to the development of alternative fuel; biodiesel has been developed as an alternative fuel for C.I. engine but it show slightly lower performance and reduction in SOx, CO, HC, CO2 emissions as compare with diesel. But due to higher oxygen contain in biodiesel the formation of NOx was observed higher. Nano-fuels have shown better improvement in combustion, performance and emission characteristics of CI engine. The blending of biodiesel increases the thermal efficiency near to that of diesel and also significantly large reduction in NOx is observed.
In the present experimentation the experiments were conducted on variable compression ratio single cylinder four strokes DI diesel engine running at constant 1500 RPM to find the effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles in diesel and blends of diesel-biodiesel. The load and compression ratio was varied from 0 to 6 kg and 14 to 18 on the engine. To increase the stability Nano fuels were prepared with high speed ultra-sonication and agitation process. Nanoparticles concentration was dispersed 50 ppm to the 10% and 20% cotton seed biodiesel in base diesel fuel.
The properties of blends of biodiesel such as calorific value, flash point, and viscosity were also measured as per IS standards. Experiments were performed using neat diesel and different blends of cotton seed biodiesel such as 100D, 10CSB, 10CSBCeO250, 20CSB and 20CSBCeO250. The performance parameters like BP, BSFC, BTE, EGT and emission parameters like CO, NOx and HC were compared to pure diesel. The test results revealed that cerium oxide blended cottonseed biodiesel blends improve the performance parameters and reduces harmful emissions especially NOx.
Inhaltsverzeichnis (Table of Contents)
- 1. INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Need of Biodiesel
- 1.3 History of Biodiesel
- 1.4 Source of Biodiesel
- 1.5 Fuel Properties
- 1.5.1 Density
- 1.5.2 Kinematic viscosity
- 1.5.3 Flash Point and Fire Point
- 1.5.4 Cloud point and pour point
- 1.5.5 Calorific value
- 1.5.6 Ash content
- 1.5.7 Carbon residue content
- 1.5.8 Cetane Number
- 1.6 Specification of Biodiesel
- 1.7 Performance and Emission Characteristics
- 1.7.1 Performance Characteristics of C.I Engines
- 1.7.2 Engine performance and emission characteristics for biodiesel
- 1.8 Compression Ignition Engine
- 1.8.1 Classification of compression ignition combustion chamber
- 1.9 Nanoparticle As An Additive in Fuel
- 1.10 Nanoparticles With Biodiesel
- 1.11 Effect of Nanoparticle on CI Engine Parameters
- 1.11.1 Effect on Performance
- 1.11.2 Effect on Emissions
- 1.12 Types of Nanomaterial's Used in Fuel
- 1.13 Aim of The Research
- 1.14 Objectives of Research
- 1.15 Organization of Thesis
- 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Review of Literature
- 2.2 Research Gap
- 2.3 Summary
- 3 METHODOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
- 3.1 Methodology to Be Adopted
- 3.1.1 Collection of biodiesel
- 3.1.2 Preparation of biodiesel blend
- 3.1.3 Preparation of nanoparticle added biodiesel blend
- 3.1.4 Evaluation of fuel properties of biodiesel blends
- 3.1.5 Performance Emission parameters to be evaluate
- 3.1.6 Comparison of performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel with that of pure diesel
- 3.2 Experimental Setup
- 3.2.1 Equipment used for the evaluation of engine performance
- 3.2.2 Equipment used for the evaluation of engine emissions
- 3.3 Summary
- 4 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
- 4.1 Fuel Properties
- 4.1.1 Kinematic viscosity
- 4.1.2 Flash point
- 4.2 Performance Characteristics
- 4.2.1 Brake power
- 4.2.2 Brake thermal efficiency
- 4.2.3 Fuel consumption
- 4.2.4 Brake specific fuel consumption
- 4.2.5 Exhaust gas temperature
- 4.3 Emission Characteristics
- 4.3.1 NOx Emissions
- 4.3.2 CO Emissions
- 4.3.3 HC Emissions
- 5 RESULT VALIDATION
- 5.1 Introduction to Regression Analysis
- 5.2 The Regression Equations For Performance Characteristics
- 5.2.1 Brake power
- 5.2.2 Brake thermal efficiency
- 5.2.3 Fuel consumption (kg/hr.)
- 5.2.4 Brake specific fuel consumption (kg/kw hr.)
- 5.2.5 Exhaust gas temperature (°C)
- 5.3 The Regression Equations For Emission Characteristics
- 5.3.1 NOx Emissions (PPM)
- 5.3.2 CO Emissions (PPM)
- 5.3.3 HC Emissions (PPM)
Zielsetzung und Themenschwerpunkte (Objectives and Key Themes)
This research aims to investigate the effects of adding cerium oxide nanoparticles to cottonseed biodiesel blends on the performance and emissions of a direct injection (DI) diesel engine. The study seeks to determine if this approach can enhance engine performance, reduce harmful emissions, and potentially provide a more sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative fuel solution. The research explores the impact of these nano-fuels on various aspects of engine operation, including fuel properties, combustion characteristics, and emission profiles.
- The use of biodiesel as an alternative fuel source for CI engines
- The potential benefits of incorporating nanoparticles, specifically cerium oxide, into biodiesel blends
- The impact of nano-fuels on engine performance, including brake power, brake thermal efficiency, and fuel consumption
- The influence of nano-fuels on engine emissions, including NOx, CO, and HC emissions
- The optimization of nanoparticle concentration and blend ratios to achieve desired performance and emission outcomes
Zusammenfassung der Kapitel (Chapter Summaries)
Chapter 1 provides a comprehensive introduction to the research, outlining the need for alternative fuels, the history and sources of biodiesel, and the fuel properties and specifications of biodiesel. It also delves into the characteristics of compression ignition engines, the use of nanoparticles as fuel additives, and the specific effects of nanoparticles on engine performance and emissions. The chapter concludes with a statement of the research's aims and objectives. Chapter 2 presents a thorough review of existing literature relevant to the topic, highlighting previous research findings, identified research gaps, and the overall significance of the current research. Chapter 3 describes the methodology and experimental setup employed in the research. It details the processes involved in collecting, preparing, and evaluating biodiesel blends, as well as the instrumentation and procedures used to measure engine performance and emissions. Chapter 4 presents the experimental results obtained from the study, focusing on the fuel properties, performance characteristics, and emission profiles of the various biodiesel blends tested. Chapter 5 applies regression analysis to validate the experimental results, providing mathematical models to predict engine performance and emissions based on the studied variables.
Schlüsselwörter (Keywords)
This research focuses on alternative fuel development, specifically investigating the use of cottonseed biodiesel blended with cerium oxide nanoparticles as a fuel for diesel engines. The study explores the impact of this nano-fuel on engine performance, including brake power, fuel consumption, and thermal efficiency, as well as on key emission parameters like NOx, CO, and HC. It delves into the optimization of nanoparticle concentration and blend ratios to achieve desired performance and emission outcomes, potentially offering a more sustainable and environmentally friendly solution for diesel engine operation.
- Quote paper
- dhiraj patil (Author), 2017, Green Biofuel, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/504102
