The impact of primary coffee processing was the result of good and miss-management coffee processing activities on environment. Massive amount of waste was generated and led to environmental impacts. Therefore, the study investigated that the impact of primary coffee processing industries on nearby environment in Mizan-Aman town. The purposes of the study were identified and assessed water withdrawal and utilization, waste management practice, the impact of primary coffee processing industries, the degree to which environmental law and regulations are implementing. The study used case study research design type through quantitative and qualitative research paradigm.
Mixed techniques of data collection instruments; interview, questionnaires, focused group discussion and review of documents were employed. Sample size of 180 residents and 9 primary coffee processing industries were surveyed by purposive and simple random sampling. The data were analyzed using by proportion, mean, Mode, and Geometric mean and the findings were presented by tables, pie-charts, graphs and photo graphs. From six industries, the total extraction and consumption of water accounts 10,800 m 3 – 83,700 m3 per year and 31.3 liter water/kg coffee. The average of husk and parchment waste generation, were 7,573,500 kg per year and at rate of 4.9 % per year were increased. The average generated liquid waste accounts for 107,894.4M3 per year, and the average growth rate of generation was 7.6 %.
The negative impacts for 42.95%, 26.47%, 2.35%, 28.2%, for Human medical health cost, Animal loss, water treatment, and crop loss or damage were resulted respectively. The waste was not handled properly by waste management hierarchy. The challenges faced were weak access to technology, lack of environmental ethics code, weak enforcement of environmental laws, and lack of fund, poor attitude to waste management, absence of urban environmental protection agency, lack of clear pollution standard, poor sitting and design of industries.The strategies to solve challenges were integrating bio-gas, bio-fertilizer and ethanol production, introducing self-policing behaviors, prior water right, connecting waste management of industries with municipality, setting clear standard for coffee waste, auditing and EMS practice, decentralizing environmental agency, establishing water quality testing laboratory, and rural industrialization incentives were recommended.
Table of Contents
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Background of the Study
1.3. Statement of the Problem
1.4. Research Objectives
1.4.1. Main Objective
1.4.2. Specific Objective the study
1.5. Significance of the Study
1.6. Scope of the Study
1.7. Description of Study Area
1.8. Conclusion
CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Concept of Urban Environment
2.2.1. Assimilative Capacity of natural Environment
2.3. Water withdrawal and Consumption
2.3.1. Water Economy
2.3.2. Water Consumption/Use
2.3.3. Cause and Impact of water consumption by primary coffee processing.
2.3.4. Water Resource Management
2.3.5. Water as Economic asset and Prior Appropriation Water Right
2.4. Waste Management Practice
2.4.1. Conceptual Model of Industrial waste
2.4.2. Coffee Processing and waste generation
2.4.2.1. Types of Coffee Processing
2.4.3. Type of waste generation.
2.4.3.1. Solid Waste Management
2.4.3.2. Liquid Waste Management
2.4.3.3. Industrial Effluents From resource consumption
2.4.4 Major Types and Sources of Water Pollutants
2.4.4.1. Sources and Types of Air Pollution
2.4.5 Integrated Waste Management
2.5. The Impact of Primary Coffee Processing on the Environment
2.5.1. Frame work of Urban Environmental Burden
2.5.2. Type of Environmental Impact of Primary Coffee Processing Industries
2.5.2.1. The Positive Impact of Primary Coffee Processing Industries
2.5.2.2. The Negative Impact of Primary coffee Processing industries
2.5.2.3. Value of Environmental Benefits and damage
2.6. Environmental compliance for coffee processing industries
2.6.1. Environmental and Waste Governance
2.6.2. Environmental management System.
2.6.3. Essentials for Environmental Compliance Management
2.6.4. Environmental Auditing
2.6.5. Concept of Municipal and industrial Environmental Management
2.6.6. Environmental Management Audit Schemes for Local Authorities
2.7. Empirical Literature
2.7.1. International Experience of primary coffee processing industries
2.7.1 .1.Jamaica prospective
2.7.1.2. Costa Rican prospective (North America)
2.7.2.3. Rwanda Prospective (From Africa)
2.7.2. Ethiopia’s prospective of primary coffee processing industries.
2.7.2.1. Environmental law, policies and strategies, plan
2.8. Research Gap
Conclusions
CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Operational definitions of variables
3.2. Research Paradigm
3.3. Research Methods
3.3.1 Research Techniques
3.4. Sample Design
3.4.1. Population or Working Universe
3.4.2 Sampling Frame
3.4.3 Sampling Units
3.4.4. Sampling Techniques
3.4.5 Determined Sample Size
3.5. Source of Data
3.5.1 Primary Data Source
3.5.2 Secondary Data Source
3.6. Data analysis and Interpretation
3.7. Data Presentation
3.8. Limitation of the Study
3.9. Conclusions
CHAPTER FOUR FINDINGS AND INTERPRETATION
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Response Rate
4.3. Demographic Characteristics of Respondents
4.3.1. The Housing Purpose nearby Industries
4.4. Findings / Results
4.4.1. Water withdrawal and consumption for wet coffee processing
4.4.2. Waste Management Practice in Primary Coffee Processing
4.4.2.1. Processing Industries’ Waste States, Forms and site planted
4.4.2.2.Households exposure for different type of waste generation
4.4.2.3. Waste Generation and Disposal Practice
4.4.3. Impact of Primary Coffee Processing Industries
4.4.3.1. Negative impacts and environmental damage by cost
4.4.3.2. Positive impact of primary coffee processing on nearby environment
4.4.3.3. Contribution of primary coffee processing for rural–urban migration
4.4.4. Environmental damage and service cost
4.4.4.1. Income of Household and cost for environmental damage
4.4.4.2. Comparisons between income and environmental damage of Households
4.4.5. Degree of Environmental Compliance
4.4.5.1. The Lodged complaints on Non compliance of Industries
4.4.5.2. The response type given by local government
4.4.5.3. The Role of Local Government on Environmental Protection
4.4.5.4. Mitigation strategies suggested by repondents
4.4.5.5. Challenges and constraints of primary coffee processing industries
4.5.Interpretations and Discussion
4.5.1.Water withdrwal and consumption
4.5.2. Waste management practice
4.5.2.1.Coffee Husk and parchment) waste management
4.5.2.2. Liquid waste (Coffee waste water) Management
4.5.3. The Impact of Primary Coffee Processing on the Environment
4.5.3.1. Negative impact of Primary Coffee processing industries
4.5.3.2. Positive impact of primary coffee processing industries
4.5.4.Compliance of environmental law,policies, strategies and plan
4.5.5. Respondent’s suggestion on coffee processing industries
CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Conclusions
5.2.1. Water consumption
5.2.2. Waste Management practice of primary coffee processing industries
5.2.3. The Impact of Primary Coffee Processing Industries
5.2.4. Environmental Compliance
5.2.5. Mitigation Strategies
5.3. Recommendations
5.3.1. Recommendations for practice
5.3.1.1. Water withdrawal and consumption
5.3.1.2. Waste Management Practice
5.3.1.3. Environmental compliance
5.3.1.4. The impact of primary coffee processing
5.4. Recommendations for further study
5.5. Conclusions
Research Objectives and Focus
The study investigates the environmental impacts of primary coffee processing industries in Mizan-Aman town, specifically focusing on water consumption, waste management practices, and compliance with environmental laws and regulations.
- Water withdrawal and usage levels in coffee processing.
- Waste generation types and current management practices.
- Assessment of environmental damages and their impact on nearby communities.
- Evaluation of industrial compliance with national and regional environmental laws.
- Development of innovative mitigation strategies to reduce adverse environmental effects.
Extract from the Book
1.1. Introduction
Coffee production and processing is one of the most economic activities in Ethiopia. Coffee processing is a method of converting the raw fruit plant into coffee. In the removing of the fruit covering the bean and milling to remove parchment layer consume substantial amount of water and generate massive waste, and pollute the environment. Therefore, environmental impact of coffee processing industries observed in urban center of coffee growing region.
During last five years, Ethiopia has made considerable progress in coffee industry. Private investors were trying to improve the quality at wet and dry processing to get better income. Thus, led to extract high amount of water, waste generation and causing negative and positive impact on the environment. For these reason, the study was investigated that the impact of primary coffee processing on Environment nearby communities and the report organized in five chapters. These are First Chapter Introduction part; background, problem of statement, research objective, scope, significance and description of study area, Second Chapter Literature review; Theoretical, Empirical and Research gap were identified. Third Chapter Methodology includes; research approach, methods, sample design, source of data, limitation. Forth Chapter Findings, Interpretation and Discussion, Finally at Fifth Chapter Conclusions and Recommendations were presented chronologically.
Summary of Chapters
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION: Covers the background, problem statement, research objectives, significance, scope, and the study area description.
CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW: Discusses the theoretical framework including urban environment concepts, water management, waste management, and environmental compliance, alongside empirical literature.
CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY: Details the research paradigm, methods, data collection techniques, sample design, and the overall approach for analyzing environmental impacts.
CHAPTER FOUR FINDINGS AND INTERPRETATION: Analyzes the collected data regarding water usage, waste management, and environmental impacts on the community, including household costs and local compliance.
CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Synthesizes the study results and proposes actionable mitigation strategies and recommendations for future research.
Keywords
Primary Coffee Processing, Urban Environment, Water Withdrawal, Waste Management, Environmental Impact, Environmental Compliance, Mizan-Aman Town, Water Pollution, Air Pollution, Bio-fuel, Bio-fertilizer, Mitigation Strategies, Sustainable Development, Industrial Waste, Environmental Economics
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core focus of this research study?
This study primarily examines the environmental consequences of primary coffee processing industries in Mizan-Aman town, specifically investigating how these industries manage water and waste.
What are the primary areas covered in this investigation?
The work covers water usage, waste management practices, environmental impacts on nearby residents, industrial compliance with environmental laws, and potential mitigation strategies.
What is the central research question or goal?
The goal is to identify and evaluate the major environmental impacts of water utilization and waste generation by coffee processing industries and propose ways to minimize these adverse effects.
Which research methodology was applied?
The study employed a mixed-methods approach using both qualitative and quantitative paradigms, including case study design, interviews, questionnaires, and field observations.
What topics are discussed in the main body of the work?
The main sections analyze literature on urban environmental impacts, methodologies for data gathering, empirical results on water and waste levels, and discussions on local environmental governance.
Which specific keywords define this study?
Key terms include Primary Coffee Processing, Environmental Impact, Waste Management, Water Consumption, and Environmental Compliance.
How is the waste from coffee processing currently handled in the study area?
The study notes that current waste management is poor, with many industries discharging liquid waste directly into rivers or burning solid waste, leading to pollution and health risks for residents.
What is the author's primary conclusion regarding industrial compliance?
The author concludes that there is a significant gap in environmental law enforcement, with the majority of industries failing to comply with existing regulations, which negatively impacts public trust.
How does the study propose to improve the situation for residents?
The study recommends integrating modern "Zero Waste" technologies like bio-gas and bio-ethanol production, implementing stricter environmental codes of practice, and improving local government oversight.
Why are the environmental costs considered significant by the author?
The author highlights that residents face substantial economic losses due to crop damage, medical expenses, and loss of safe water sources, which significantly impacts their quality of life.
- Citar trabajo
- Eshetu Geberemariam (Autor), 2012, The Urban Environment. How is it Impacted by Primary Coffee Processing Industries?, Múnich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/511682
