Genetics Basis of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone GnRH

Molecular Regulation of Hypothalamus Pituitary Gonads Axis in both sexes and genetics basis for GnRH

Libro Especializado , 2020 , 64 Páginas , Calificación: PhD student

Biología - Genética / Ingeniería genética

This book systematically introduces the basic knowledge of the Hypothalamic Pituitary Gonads (HPG) axis and provides information on the location and regulation, gene mutations, function, reproduction, life cycle, sexual behaviour, disorders and the role of the environmental factors on GnRH gene. Also, we focused on gene and receptor structures, and the signalling pathways of GnRH, and its related genes and hormones such as Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Progesterone (P4) and Oestradiol (E2). Also, it was pointed to Gonadotropin Inhibiting Hormone (GnIH) and its related peptides, such as RFamide peptides which were found to decrease hormones secretion by working on HPG in an inhibiting biosynthesis process of gonadotropin (α–β) subunits. In addition, the roles of hormones on fertility and reproduction, also, disruption resulted from mutations. Special characteristics of many hormones and pulsatile secretions of GnRH were summarized.

This information is necessary for an understanding way of work some necessary hormones also, elucidating reasons infertility. Although, several studies have presented a lot of kinds of regulators of expression for many genes related by fertility in many species, however, the knowledge of the relationship between molecular relating and infertility still has many gaps and problematic, also, many remains to be discovered, and a lot of significant questions (such as sexual behaviour, the regulation of gonadotropin secretion, and growth of tumour cell, in addition to; whether GnRHs are expressed as a full-length or not?), need to be solved, and mechanisms of pulsatile secretions and potential functions of many reproductive hormones need to be elucidated. So, this investigation very important for those researchers and readers to start solve and answer these questions and understanding many things related to (HPG) axis, and (GnRH).

Inhaltsverzeichnis (Table of Contents)

• 1. INTRODUCTION
• 2. GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE (GnRH)
• 2.1. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) signalling pathway
• 2.2. Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone gene (GnRH gene)
• 2.3. Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor (GnRH-R)
• 2.4. GnRH peptides and receptors
• 2.5. GnRH gene Transcription Regulation
• 2.5.1. Oct-1, Oct-2, Pit-1and Unc86
• 2.5.2. Dlx-2 and Msx-1
• 2.5.3. Pbx-1
• 2.5.4. Homeobox protein (Otx-2)
• 2.5.5. GATA-A and GATA-B
• 2.5.6. PKC, Jun, Fos, AP-1, and NK-B
• 2.5.7. Pur-A, Pur-B, Brn-2, hnRNP-A/B, and hnRNP-G
• 2.5.8. Kisspeptin
• 2.6. Expression of the GnRH-R gene
• 2.7. Effects of GnRH activation of GnRH-R and its signalling pathways
• 3. GONADOTROPINS (Gn)
• 3.1. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
• 3.1.1. Regulation of LH (LH-ẞ) by GnRH
• 3.1.2. Regulation of LH-ß by Follistatin (Fo), Activin (Ac), and Inhibin (In)
• 3.1.3. Regulation of LH-ß by Estrogen (E) and Androgen (An)
• 3.2. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
• 3.2.1. Regulation of FSH (FSH-B) by GnRH
• 3.2.2. Transcriptional regulation of FSH-ß encoding genes
• 4. PROGESTERONE (P4) AND OESTRADIOL (E2)
• 5. SUMMARY POINTS LIST
• 6. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS

Zielsetzung und Themenschwerpunkte (Objectives and Key Themes)

This book aims to provide a foundational understanding of the Hypothalamic Pituitary Gonadal (HPG) axis, focusing on the location, regulation, and genetic basis of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH). It explores the structures and signaling pathways of GnRH, its related genes, and hormones like Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Progesterone (P4), and Estradiol (E2).

• The HPG axis and its role in reproduction and overall bodily functions.
• The molecular mechanisms and regulation of GnRH.
• The roles of LH, FSH, Progesterone, and Estradiol in reproduction.
• The impact of genetic mutations on hormonal function and fertility.
• The influence of Gonadotropin Inhibiting Hormone (GnIH) and related peptides.

Zusammenfassung der Kapitel (Chapter Summaries)

Chapter 1: Introduction introduces the HPG axis and its importance in various bodily functions, highlighting the control of hormones like GnRH, LH, FSH, testosterone, and estrogen.

Chapter 2: Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) delves into the signalling pathway, gene structure, and receptor of GnRH, covering its transcriptional regulation and the effects of its activation. Specific genes and proteins involved in this regulation are discussed.

Chapter 3: Gonadotropins (Gn) focuses on Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), exploring their regulation by GnRH and other factors. Transcriptional regulation of FSH-β encoding genes is also detailed.

Chapter 4: Progesterone (P4) and Oestradiol (E2) provides an overview of these hormones, though specific details are not provided in this preview.

Schlüsselwörter (Keywords)

HPG axis, GnRH, GnRHR, Gonadotropins, LH, FSH, Progesterone, Estradiol, Gene regulation, Transcription factors, Hormonal regulation, Reproduction, Fertility, Genetic mutations.

• Universidad: Southwest University
• Calificación: PhD student
• Autores: Ahmed Saleh (Autor), Amr Rashadb (Autor), Nada Hassaninea (Autor), Yongju Zhaoa (Autor), Mahmoud Sharabyb (Autor)
• Año de publicación: 2020
• Páginas: 64
• No. de catálogo: V512579
• ISBN (Ebook): 9783346130082
• ISBN (Libro): 9783346130099
• Idioma: Inglés
• Etiqueta: HPG, GnRH, GnRHR, Gonadotropins