The aim of this work is to perform a systematic review of literature to determine the causes and treatment aspects of infertility. This work also aimes to interpret the findings in the context of recent clinical practices and suggest optimal treatment and management aspects regarding infertility.
This review focuses on different factors including the ovulatory factor, utero-tubal peritoneal factor, semen migration factor and the male factor. Some of these infertile conditions are treated as unexplained infertility problems to some extent. This review process deploys a new strategy to translate the recent research findings and evidence-based causes into a simplified focused cause of male and female infertility. The development of molecular biology and biotechnology as well as genetics has profound influence on infertility study on causes, assessment and treatment process.
Infertility is a qualification of a situation where couple has tried to achieve pregnancy for more than one year without success. The basic work-up doesn’t find a reason for the failure in more than 30 percent cases. Many of the defects related to infertility is still unknown.
Table of Contents
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Infertility
1.2 Main causes of infertility
1.3 Constraints with Infertility
1.4 Genetics of human Male Infertility
1.5 Genetics of human Female Infertility
CHAPTER TWO
Aim of the Research
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Search strategy and identification of studies
3.1.1 Other resources
3.2 Criteria for considering studies for this review
3.2.1 Inclusion Criteria
3.2.2 Exclusion Criteria
CHAPTER FOUR
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Screening of Articles
4.2 Findings from MEDLINE Website
4.3 Findings from UM (University of Michigan) LIBRARY DATABASE
4.4 Findings from Cochrane Library
4.5 Findings from AGORA Website
4.6 Discussion
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER SIX
Research Objectives and Focus Areas
The primary objective of this research is to perform a systematic review of existing literature to determine the criteria used to define infertility while assessing its various causes and management aspects. The study aims to synthesize these findings in the context of recent clinical practices to provide a clearer understanding of optimal treatment strategies for infertile couples.
- The role of genetics in both male and female infertility.
- Clinical and diagnostic criteria defining infertility and subfertility.
- Prevalence of specific factors such as ovulatory, utero-tubal, and semen-related issues.
- Analysis of diverse treatment modalities, ranging from psychotherapy to assisted reproductive technologies (ART).
- Evidence-based management strategies for unexplained infertility cases.
Excerpt from the Book
1.1 Background of Infertility
Infertility is a disease in reproductive system which encompasses a wide range of circumstances that affects the ability of an individual to reproduce naturally (Yatsenko and Rajkovic, 2019). It is also a graver concern affecting the lifestyle and status of the couples. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines the infertility as the incapability to conceive after 12 months of regular unprotected intercourse of a couple (Faraj et al., 2016). Regular sexual intercourse is taken to mean every 2-3 days (NICE, 2013). For every 100 couples who are trying to conceive naturally, 84 will conceive within 12 months, 92 will conceive within 24 months and 93 will conceive within the 36 months, the likelihood of pregnancy occurring within the next is 25% or less (NHS Choices, 2014). Researchers confirms that, male are to be responsible either fully or partially for 35-40% cases, whereas female are responsible for nearly 35-40% and the remaining 20-30% is the combined factors and unexplained cases (Orbiclinic, 2011).
A diagnosis of Infertility defined as the inability of a couple to conceive naturally after 12 months of regular unprotected sexual intercourse (Kamal, 2010; Anwar and Anwar, 2016). It is a common occurrence in clinical difficulties which affects 13% to 15% of couples worldwide (WHO, 1983). In developing countries due to the limited investigational resource and treatment the occurrence varies widely in comparison with the developed countries (Cates et al., 1985). In the United Kingdom, approximately 17% couples have infertility issues (Zargar et al., 1997).
Summary of Chapters
CHAPTER ONE: Provides an overview of the medical and social definitions of infertility, including global prevalence statistics and the primary factors responsible for reproductive challenges in men and women.
CHAPTER TWO: Outlines the research objectives, emphasizing the need to synthesize literature to clarify definitions and management approaches for infertility.
CHAPTER THREE: Details the methodology used for the systematic review, including search strategies across major medical databases like MEDLINE, Cochrane, and AGORA to identify relevant studies.
CHAPTER FOUR: Presents and discusses the findings gathered from the literature search, analyzing the prevalence of various infertility causes and comparing findings across different regions and studies.
CHAPTER FIVE: Concludes the review by summarizing key findings and recommending increased attention to support systems and policy development for infertility treatment, particularly in developing countries.
CHAPTER SIX: Lists the academic references utilized throughout the research.
Keywords
Infertility, subfertility, genetics, ovulatory disorders, male infertility, female infertility, assisted reproductive technology, ART, clinical management, reproductive health, endocrine disorders, semen analysis, tubal factors, systematic review, reproductive medicine.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core focus of this research?
This work focuses on providing a systematic review of the literature regarding the definition, causes, and management of human infertility.
What are the primary thematic areas covered?
The key themes include the biological and genetic causes of infertility in both genders, clinical diagnostic criteria, and the wide spectrum of current treatment options.
What is the ultimate goal of the research?
The goal is to translate complex research findings and evidence-based recommendations into a simplified guide for understanding and managing infertility.
Which scientific methodology was utilized?
The authors conducted a systematic review, searching various electronic medical databases for relevant observational studies published between 1970 and 2020.
What topics are discussed in the main body?
The main body covers detailed classifications of male and female infertility causes, diagnostic criteria, and a comparison of non-invasive versus invasive treatment protocols.
Which keywords best describe this study?
Essential keywords include infertility, genetics, causes, reproductive health, management, and ART.
How does the research differentiate between infertility and subfertility?
The study clarifies that infertility relates to an inability to carry a pregnancy to term due to fertilization problems, whereas subfertility describes a condition of reduced, but not absent, capability to conceive.
What role does genetics play in the study's findings?
The review highlights that genetic mutations and molecular biological developments significantly contribute to both the etiology of reproductive disorders and the modern understanding of treatment bypass strategies.
Why is the context of developing countries emphasized in the conclusion?
The authors stress that due to a lack of national health policies in regions like Bangladesh, there is a greater need for social awareness, support groups, and affordable treatment access for childless couples.
- Citar trabajo
- Marzina Ajrin (Autor), Priyanka Debnath (Autor), 2020, Causes and Treatment of Infertility, Múnich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/535346
