The average summer temperatures experienced by most countries are increasing every year and consequently the energy needs to provide air-conditioning is also increasing annually. The HVAC industry has a challenging task of providing energy efficient technologies to satisfy this growing demand with a minimum impact on global warming and ozone depletion. The chilled water types of central air conditioning plants are installed in the place where whole large buildings, shopping mall, airport, hotel, etc, comprising of several floors are to be air conditioned. The project consists of how the proposed centralizes air conditioning is designed and its criterion for a new buildings in Hyderabad. It consists of 6 floors having an area of 4,000 sqft. Per floor.
The main objective is to create a thermally controlled environment within the space of a building envelope such as kitchen room, master bedroom, dining room etc. The tentative air conditioning load for the system shall be 290 TR approx. Air cooled chillers with pumping system are proposed to make the system energy efficient. The proposed air conditioning plant shall be located on the building terrace.
Table of Contents
CHAPTER -1: INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER -2: LITERATURE REVIEW
CHAPTER -3: REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS
CHAPTER -4: ESTIMATION OF HEAT LOADS
CHAPTER -5: CENTRALIZED AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEMS
CHAPTER -6: CHILLED WATER AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM
CHAPTER -7: RESULT
CONCLUSION
FUTURE SCOPE
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Objectives & Topics
This paper aims to develop and explain the systematic design process for a centralized air conditioning system, specifically focusing on accurate heat load calculations to maximize energy efficiency and ensure occupant comfort. By analyzing thermodynamic cycles and equipment requirements, the research establishes a framework for selecting appropriately sized cooling solutions to minimize operational costs in diverse climatic conditions.
- Fundamentals of refrigeration cycles and heat transfer principles.
- Methodology for estimating cooling loads, including external and internal heat sources.
- Design considerations for centralized HVAC systems and chilled water distribution.
- Operational optimization techniques, including VAV systems and CO2-based control.
- Technical specifications and design criteria for residential building air conditioning.
Excerpt from the Book
3.2 CENTRALIZED HVAC SYSTEM
Centralized HVAC system is a central hydronic air conditioning system used to provide indoor thermal comfort in multi-zone buildings. The system can be divided into two loops: primary and secondary loop. Primary loop is a water system which produces cooling/heating effect through chilled/hot water production and distributes it to secondary loop. Secondary loop is an air system by which cooled/hot air is produced and transferred to the conditioned spaces to maintain indoor thermal set point temperature and humidity [31]. An example of centralized HVAC system schematic diagram is shown in Figure 3.1.
Vapor compression and vapor absorption are two thermodynamic cycles used to produce cooling or heating effects. In a vapor-compression refrigeration cycle, four processes are occurred: isentropic compression in a compressor, constant-pressure heat rejection in a condenser, throttling in throttle device, and constant-pressure heat absorption in an evaporator [32]. Schematic of the vapor-compression refrigeration cycle is presented in Figure 3.2.
Summary of Chapters
CHAPTER -1: INTRODUCTION: This chapter provides an overview of HVAC systems, the importance of accurate heat load calculations for design, and introduces the basic refrigeration cycle.
CHAPTER -2: LITERATURE REVIEW: This section reviews existing research regarding energy consumption in air conditioning, performance evaluations, and various optimization strategies for HVAC systems.
CHAPTER -3: REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS: This chapter defines the project scope, discusses primary equipment modules, and details the design requirements for centralized HVAC systems including ducting and thermal comfort.
CHAPTER -4: ESTIMATION OF HEAT LOADS: This chapter covers the principles of heat transfer and provides a detailed methodology for calculating sensible and latent cooling loads based on building components.
CHAPTER -5: CENTRALIZED AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEMS: This chapter outlines the schematic of centralized systems and details the selection and functionality of key equipment such as chillers, pumps, and diffusers.
CHAPTER -6: CHILLED WATER AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM: This chapter explains the functional operation of chilled water systems, including piping, waste heat rejection, and the various types of evaporators used.
CHAPTER -7: RESULT: This chapter presents the technical results and layout drawings for the specific project flats analyzed in the study.
Keywords
HVAC, Centralized Air Conditioning, Chilled Water System, Heat Load Calculation, Refrigeration Cycle, Thermal Comfort, Energy Efficiency, VAV System, Cooling Load, Heat Transfer, Duct Design, COP, Cooling Tower, Absorption Chiller, Indoor Air Quality
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the primary focus of this document?
The document focuses on the design, analysis, and implementation of centralized chilled water air conditioning systems for residential buildings, with an emphasis on energy efficiency and accurate heat load calculations.
What are the central themes of the work?
The central themes include the principles of heat transfer, the design of HVAC system loops (primary and secondary), component selection (chillers, pumps, diffusers), and strategies for optimizing energy consumption.
What is the primary objective of the research?
The primary objective is to develop a structured approach for designing an AC system that achieves maximum thermal comfort for building occupants while minimizing initial and operational costs.
Which scientific methods are employed?
The research employs thermodynamic analysis, heat load calculation standards (ASHRAE), and simulation-based performance evaluation of HVAC components and systems.
What topics are covered in the main body?
The main body covers refrigeration cycles, specific requirements for centralized HVAC, duct design, fan selection, indoor thermal comfort factors, and detailed procedures for estimating both sensible and latent heat loads.
Which keywords best characterize this work?
The work is characterized by terms such as Centralized Air Conditioning, Chilled Water System, Heat Load Calculation, Energy Efficiency, and Thermal Comfort.
What is the significance of the "Low delta-T syndrome" discussed?
It describes a phenomenon in constant-flow chilled water systems where low return water temperatures reduce the operating temperature differential, negatively impacting the efficiency of the chiller plant.
How does the project propose to improve energy efficiency in residential HVAC?
The project suggests using appropriately sized equipment, implementing VAV systems, using primary/secondary pumping schemes, and potentially utilizing CO2-based ventilation control to reduce energy consumption.
- Citation du texte
- Anonym (Auteur), 2020, Design of a centralized air conditioning, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/592401
