In 1187, Saladin and his troops defeated the Christians (under King Guy of Lusignan) at the Battle of Hattin and by the end of the year Saladin had taken Acre and Jerusalem.
In particular the news of the Fall of Jerusalem aroused immense feelings among Christians in Europe and had still greater reverberations than the Conquest of Jerusalem in 1099.
The Papacy reacted immediately to the Fall of Jerusalem by making it a duty for the clergy to preach a new crusade and thus influenced the public opinion significantly.
Consequently, no king could evade the duty of going on a crusade in order to recapture the Holy Land from Saladin. Nevertheless, the King of France (Phillip II) and the King of England Henry II (who was succeeded by his son Richard I in 1189) did not show much enthusiasm to go on a crusade at first, as they both feared a foreign invasion during their absence. In contrast to them, the German Emperor, Frederick of Hohenstaufen (also known as Barbarossa), responded to the call for help immediately. He took the cross at Mainz Cathedral at the end of March in 1188 and was the first of the three monarchs to set out for the Holy Land.
As public pressure grew, Richard I and Phillip II were urged to renounce their own quarrels and it was finally agreed that they both go on the Third Crusade. After final arrangements were made on the continent, the two kings departed from Vezelay on July 4th 1190 in order to retake the Holy Land from Saladin.
After military successes (Fall of Acre and the Battle of Arsuf), Richard I established his headquarters in Jaffa where he believed to be in a good strategic position to launch an attack on Jerusalem.
But when Richard I realized that his position in England was threatened by his absence, he offered negotiations to Saladin in order to be able to withdraw soon.
On September 2nd 1192, Saladin and Richard I signed the Treaty of Jerusalem and Richard I finally returned to England in 1194.
Richard I s decision to go on the Third Crusade led to profound changes within society and affected the English people in various ways.
Table of Contents
- Introduction
- On the Eve of the Third Crusade
- Richard I and his preparations for the Third Crusade
- The Third Crusade (1189 - 1192)
- Barbarossa's Crusade
- Richard's and Phillip's crusade
- Siège of Acre and Battle of Arsuf
- Negotiations with Saladin and aftermath
- Impact of the Third Crusade on England
Objectives and Key Themes
This paper examines the Third Crusade and its impact on England. The primary objective is to analyze Richard I's pre-Crusade policies and their effect on England's internal political landscape and its populace. The paper will also explore whether the Crusade ultimately benefited or harmed the English people.
- Richard I's domestic policies before the Crusade.
- The course of the Third Crusade itself.
- The political ramifications of the Crusade in England.
- The impact of the Crusade on the English population.
- An overall assessment of the Crusade's effect on England (Blessing or Curse).
Chapter Summaries
Introduction: This chapter sets the stage for the Third Crusade by outlining the events leading up to it. It details the rise of Saladin, the unification of Egypt and Syria under his rule, and his subsequent conquest of Jerusalem in 1187, an event that spurred the call for a new crusade. The chapter emphasizes the profound impact of Jerusalem's fall on the Christian world and the subsequent pressure on European monarchs, especially the kings of England and France, to participate in the Third Crusade.
On the Eve of the Third Crusade: This chapter focuses on Richard I's life and reign before embarking on the Crusade. It highlights his rebellious youth, his conflicts with his father, King Henry II, and his struggles to control the rebellious nobles within his own territories. The chapter emphasizes Richard's military prowess and his reputation as a skilled commander, which would prove crucial during the Crusade. It details his internal political challenges which influenced his decision to participate in the Third Crusade.
The Third Crusade (1189 - 1192): This chapter would discuss the Third Crusade itself, covering the campaigns of Barbarossa, Richard I and Phillip II, the key battles such as the Siege of Acre and the Battle of Arsuf, and finally the negotiations with Saladin. This would synthesize information from each sub-chapter to create an overall narrative of the military campaign, focusing on its major events and strategic decisions, with particular emphasis on Richard I's role.
Impact of the Third Crusade on England: This chapter would analyze the long-term effects of Richard's participation in the Third Crusade on England. This would include the political climate, the financial toll, and the social consequences. The chapter would explore both the short term disruption caused by his absence, as well as the legacy of his actions. This would incorporate the impacts on the English people, exploring both positive and negative consequences.
Keywords
Third Crusade, Richard I, Saladin, England, Political Impact, Military Campaigns, Domestic Policy, Medieval History, Holy Land.
Frequently Asked Questions: A Comprehensive Language Preview of the Third Crusade and its Impact on England
What is the focus of this document?
This document provides a comprehensive preview of a paper examining the Third Crusade (1189-1192) and its impact on England. It includes a table of contents, objectives and key themes, chapter summaries, and keywords.
What are the main objectives of the paper?
The primary objective is to analyze Richard I's pre-Crusade policies and their effect on England's internal political landscape and its populace. The paper will also explore whether the Crusade ultimately benefited or harmed the English people.
What are the key themes explored in the paper?
Key themes include Richard I's domestic policies before the Crusade, the course of the Third Crusade itself, the political ramifications of the Crusade in England, the impact of the Crusade on the English population, and an overall assessment of the Crusade's effect on England (positive or negative).
What topics are covered in the Introduction chapter?
The introduction sets the stage for the Third Crusade by outlining the events leading up to it, including Saladin's rise, the conquest of Jerusalem in 1187, and the subsequent pressure on European monarchs to participate.
What does the "On the Eve of the Third Crusade" chapter cover?
This chapter focuses on Richard I's life and reign before the Crusade, highlighting his rebellious youth, conflicts with his father, and internal political challenges that influenced his decision to participate in the Crusade.
What is discussed in the "The Third Crusade (1189-1192)" chapter?
This chapter details the Third Crusade itself, covering the campaigns of Barbarossa, Richard I, and Phillip II; key battles like the Siege of Acre and the Battle of Arsuf; and the negotiations with Saladin.
What does the "Impact of the Third Crusade on England" chapter analyze?
This chapter analyzes the long-term effects of Richard I's participation in the Third Crusade on England, including the political climate, financial toll, social consequences, and the legacy of his actions on the English people.
What are the keywords associated with this paper?
The keywords are: Third Crusade, Richard I, Saladin, England, Political Impact, Military Campaigns, Domestic Policy, Medieval History, and Holy Land.
What type of document is this?
This is a language preview providing a structured overview of an academic paper on the Third Crusade and its impact on England.
What is the intended audience for this document?
The intended audience is likely academic researchers interested in medieval history, the Third Crusade, or the reign of Richard I.
- Citation du texte
- Maxi Hinze (Auteur), 2007, The Third Crusade and its impact on England, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/69058
