White haricot bean is the major source of cash in domestic and international markets and serves as the cheapest source of protein diet for rural households. The double hurdle model and parametric stochastic frontier model of Cobb Douglass type production and cost functions were used to analyze the determinants of adoption and estimate production and cost efficiency scores, respectively. The adoption study revealed that the two decision tiers are independent and the same or different factors affected the two tiers. The decision to adopt is positively and significantly influenced by the frequency of extension contacts, landholding size, agricultural income, perception of the household heads (about price, contribution to soil fertility and nutritional importance), training, and crop diversification; and negatively by distance to market and form of possession of haricot bean plot (tenure).
The intensity of adoption is positively affected by non-farm income, contact with NGOs, and negatively with the number of dependents and form of possession of haricot beans plot (tenure). Technical efficiency is significantly and positively influenced by sex (male=1), membership in farmers cooperatives, education of the family, experience in haricot beans farming, use of certified seeds, income from the farm sector and crop diversification; and negatively affected by age of the households. Allocative efficiency differential is significantly and positively influenced by farming experience and household size; and negatively influenced by sex, distance to market and fragmentation of land. Economic efficiency is significantly and positively affected by the education of the family and household size, and negatively by distance to market and fragmentation of land.
Provision of improved extension services, enhancing the perceptions on the important attributes of the crop, training, and better access to market are proposed for the first-hand adoption of white haricot beans while works on the creation of alternative sources of income (non-farm activities) contribute more to the intensity of adoption. Supply of certified seeds, education of the households and family members, and access to resources (credit and other inputs, in particular for female-headed households) are proposed to improve the technical efficiency, allocative and economic efficiencies.
Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1.Background
1.2. Problem Statement
1.3. Research Questions
1.4. Research Objectives
1.5. Significance of the Study
1.6. Scope and Limitations of the Study
1.7. Organization of the Dissertation
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. Production System andBenefits of Haricot Beans
2.2. Conceptual Issues
2.3. Theoretical Framework
2.4. Methodological Framework
2.5. Analytical Framework
2.6. Empirical Review on Farm Technology Adoption, Efficiency and Welfare Effect
2.7 Conceptual Framework
3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1. Description of the Study Area
3.2. Sampling Design
3.3. Methods of Data Collection
3.4. Methods of Data Analysis
3.5. Definition of Variables, Measurements and Working Hypotheses
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1. Household and FarmCharacteristics
4.1.1. Household demographic and socio-economic characteristics
4.2. Determinants of Status and Intensity of Adoption of Improved White Haricot Beans
4.3. Efficiency Analysis
4.4. WELFARE EFFECT ANALYSIS
5. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1. Summary
5.2. Conclusion and Recommendations
6. REFERENCES
7. APPENDICES
Research Objectives and Key Topics
The primary objective of this dissertation is to analyze the adoption patterns, production efficiency, and welfare impacts associated with improved white haricot bean production among smallholder households in the East Shewa Zone of Ethiopia. The research investigates the determinants of technology adoption, evaluates technical, allocative, and economic efficiency, and assesses how improved variety adoption influences household welfare.
- Determinants of adoption and intensity of improved white haricot bean technology.
- Estimation of technical, allocative, and economic efficiency for smallholder farmers.
- Assessment of the welfare effects of adopting improved haricot bean varieties on crop income and food consumption.
- Analysis of factors influencing efficiency differentials among households.
- Evaluation of the impact of policy interventions and extension services on smallholder productivity.
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1.1.Background
Ethiopia is the second most populous nation in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) with a population of about 94,351,000 million, as of 2017 (projected based on CSA, 2014). Agriculture is the major source of livelihoods for about 80-81% of the population of the country; accounts for 42.3% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and generates 70% of the export earnings (UNDP, 2013; World Bank, 2014). Service and industrial sectors contribute 43.2 and 15.4 percent of the total GDP, respectively (MoFED, 2014). A substantial part of agricultural production, both for domestic consumption and export is provided by smallholder households.
Due to this importance of agriculture in the national economy, various policies and strategies have been implemented by the government to increase the production and productivity of the sector in Ethiopia. The first national intervention to enhance agricultural production and productivity was in the 1960s with Comprehensive Integrated Package Projects (CIPP) aimed at provision of modern inputs and access to extension which covered 16% of the farming population from 1968-1974. Then followed Minimum Package Program I (MPP-I) in 1971-1979; Minimum Package Program-II (MPP-II) in 1980-1985, Peasant Agricultural Development Program (PADEP) and Participatory Demonstration and Training Extension System (PADETES) in 1986-1995 and National Agricultural Extension Intervention Program (NAEIP) in 1995 (Stepanek, 1999; Demeke, 1995; Berhanu et al., 2006). In the Agricultural Development Led Industrialization (ADLI) strategy of Ethiopia, an intensification of smallholder agriculture was the focus to achieve productivity through improvement of access to technologies, provision of demand driven and efficient extension services (MOFED, 2010). Later on in the revised Agriculture Sector Policy and Investment Framework (PIF) during GTP-I 2010/11-2019/20 and Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP-II), sustainable increase in productivity and production was one of the strategic objectives set foreword (MoARD, 2010).
Summary of Chapters
1. INTRODUCTION: Provides the background of Ethiopian agriculture, details the importance of haricot beans, and defines the research problem, objectives, and questions.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW: Reviews existing theories on technology adoption, efficiency, and welfare impacts, providing the conceptual and analytical foundations for the study.
3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: Describes the study area, sampling techniques, data collection methods, and the specific econometric models used to analyze adoption, efficiency, and welfare.
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Presents descriptive statistics and econometric results regarding household characteristics, adoption determinants, efficiency analysis, and welfare impacts.
5. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Summarizes the study findings and offers policy recommendations to enhance adoption and efficiency among smallholder farmers.
Keywords
White haricot beans, technology adoption, technical efficiency, allocative efficiency, economic efficiency, welfare effect, double hurdle model, Cobb-Douglass function, Tobit model, Endogenous Switching Regression model, smallholder farmers, Ethiopia, agricultural productivity, farm income, household consumption.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core focus of this research?
The research focuses on the adoption of improved white haricot bean varieties by smallholder farmers in Ethiopia, examining how this adoption influences their production efficiency and overall household welfare.
What are the primary themes analyzed in the dissertation?
The study centers on three key areas: the determinants of technology adoption, the analysis of farm production efficiency (technical, allocative, and economic), and the welfare implications of adopting new agricultural technologies.
What is the central research question?
The central question involves identifying the factors that drive the decision and intensity of adopting improved white haricot beans, how this affects the production efficiency of farmers, and what net impact it has on household income and food consumption.
Which scientific methods were employed for data analysis?
The researcher used a combination of descriptive statistics and advanced econometric techniques, including the double hurdle model for adoption, stochastic frontier models for efficiency, and the Endogenous Switching Regression (ESR) model for welfare impact assessment.
What topics are covered in the main body?
The main body covers the theoretical and methodological frameworks, a detailed description of the study area, the empirical results of the various models, and a robust discussion of these findings in relation to existing literature.
Which keywords characterize this work?
Key terms include white haricot beans, technology adoption, technical efficiency, allocative efficiency, economic efficiency, welfare effect, double hurdle model, and Endogenous Switching Regression model.
How does the study address selection bias?
The study employs the Endogenous Switching Regression (ESR) model, which explicitly controls for both observable and unobservable selection biases when comparing adopter and non-adopter households.
What unique insights does this study provide regarding haricot bean production?
Beyond simple adoption, the study uniquely quantifies the specific "yield gap" between smallholder farms and research sites, and provides evidence on how non-farm income and extension contacts specifically influence the intensity of land allocation for improved varieties.
- Quote paper
- Dr. Daniel Masresha Amare (Author), 2018, Smallholder Households' Technology Adoption, Efficiency and Welfare Effect of improved white Haricot Beans Production in East Shewa Zone of South-Eastern Ethiopia, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/924096
