The monograph summarizes for the first time the data of the literature and own preclinical and clinical studies of iron (IV) clatrochelate. Data on its physicochemical properties, acute and chronic toxicity, features of accumulation of iron in new rare valences in the form of clatrochelate are described. For the first time its antianemic activity is characterized.
The scientific publication is intended for a wide range of scientists, teachers, graduate students, students of higher education institutions, veterinary specialists.
An animal health is now regarded as one of the factors of the veterinary well-being in every country, so the issue of treating animals with pathological conditions and their prevention is given considerable attention by both scientists and veterinary practitioners. Uncontrolled usage of medicines cause an increase of toxic effects in human and animals organisms. In accordance with the guidelines of the preclinical study of drugs, every new drug must be evaluated for the following indicators: the toxicity of the bioassay to infusoria; the toxicity in laboratory animals after a single administration (acute toxicity); the cumulative properties; the toxicity in laboratory animals after long-term administration (chronic toxicity).
The following study works with animal obduction and shows the methodology in pictures.
Contents
1 ACUTE TOXICITY OF THE IRON(IV) CLATHROCHELATE COMPLEX
1.1 Setting the acute toxicity of the Iron(IV) clathrochelate for intragastric administration to the quails
2 CHRONIC TOXICITY OF THE IRON(IV) CLATHROCHELATE COMPLEXES TO RODENTS
2.1 Setting the toxicity of the Iron (IV) clathrochelate on the white mice
2.2 Chronic toxicity of the Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes to white rats
2.3 Cumulative properties of Iron(IV) clathrochelate in rats
3 CHRONIC TOXICITY OF THE IRON(IV) CLATHROCHELATE COMPLEXES TO THE QUAILS
3.1 Change of the body weight of quails during prolonged use of the Iron(IV) clathrochelate complex
3.2 Change of relative mass of the organs of quails after prolonged use of the Iron(IV) clathrochelate complex
3.3 Change of the content of hemoglobin and the morphological parameters of the blood of the quails during prolonged use of the Iron(IV) clathrochelate complex
3.4 Change of the biochemical parameters of the serum of the blood of the quails during prolonged use of the Iron(IV) clathrochelate complex
4 ANTIANEMIC ACTION OF THE IRON(IV) CLATHROCHELATE COMPLEXES
4.1 Change of the body weight of piglets under the influence of Iron (IV)
4.2 Change of the hemoglobin content and morphological indicators of blood of piglets under the influence of Iron(IV)
4.3 Leukogram of blood of piglets under the influence of Iron (IV)
4.4 Biochemical indicators of blood serum of piglets under the influence of Iron(IV)
4.5 Change of the mass fraction of Iron in blood, liver and spleen of piglets under the influence of Iron (IV)
Objectives and Topics
The monograph aims to evaluate the physicochemical properties and biological effects of high-valent hexahydrazide Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes in laboratory animals, focusing on acute and chronic toxicity as well as potential anti-anemic applications.
- Acute and chronic toxicity assessment of Iron(IV) clathrochelate in rodents and quails.
- Evaluation of physiological and biochemical markers in animals under long-term exposure.
- Analysis of the anti-anemic efficacy and bioavailability of Iron(IV) complexes in piglets compared to traditional treatments.
- Determination of the safety profile and metabolic impact of high-valence Iron compounds.
Excerpt from the book
1 ACUTE TOXICITY OF THE IRON(IV) CLATHROCHELATE COMPLEX
Worldwide, the development and introduction of new Iron-containing compounds for the timely carrying out of preventive measures is one of the main tasks in the fight against anemia (Meier et al., 2011; Jiefen et al., 2017; Kim et al., 2018). Also this illness is diagnosed with Iron deficiency in combination with others, for example with diabetes (Walter et al., 1998; Shirinova, 2005; Broide et al., 2018).
Therefore, the relevance of the study of new complexes of the Iron of various valences, which are synthesized in the field of chemistry, is not lost. In this context, one of the perspective groups of the compounds of the Iron is the so-called clathrochelasts, or macrobicyclic complexes.
Accoring to the data of study of new class of high-valent Iron compounds, they formed by atmospheric oxidation in aqueous media and extremely stable in both the solid and soluble states, and it is established that they can exist indefinitely under ambient conditions, exhibiting no signs of degradation. In their research the authors (Tomyn et al., 2017) found the first Iron(IV) clatrochelathe complexes indefinitely stable in water.
Moreover, they were stable at least for weeks under aggressive (strongly acidic or basic) conditions. The results showed that novel Iron(IV) complexes are readily accessible from simple, commercially available, inexpensive starting materials under surprisingly mild reaction conditions.
Summary of Chapters
1 ACUTE TOXICITY OF THE IRON(IV) CLATHROCHELATE COMPLEX: Examines the acute lethal effects and safety classification of the Iron(IV) complex using mice and quail models.
2 CHRONIC TOXICITY OF THE IRON(IV) CLATHROCHELATE COMPLEXES TO RODENTS: Details long-term metabolic and physiological impacts observed in mice and rats following sub-chronic administration.
3 CHRONIC TOXICITY OF THE IRON(IV) CLATHROCHELATE COMPLEXES TO THE QUAILS: Analyzes the effects of prolonged exposure on quail growth, organ mass, blood composition, and biochemical serum parameters.
4 ANTIANEMIC ACTION OF THE IRON(IV) CLATHROCHELATE COMPLEXES: Investigates the therapeutic potential of Iron(IV) in treating nutritional anemia in piglets, comparing it against traditional iron dextran.
Keywords
Iron(IV) clathrochelate, acute toxicity, chronic toxicity, iron deficiency anemia, veterinary medicine, blood morphology, biochemical serum parameters, piglet anemia, bioavailability, metabolic disorders, clathrochelate complexes, hemocytopoiesis, high-valent iron, preclinical studies.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the primary subject of this scientific monograph?
This work explores the pharmacotoxicological characteristics and anti-anemic potential of novel high-valent Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes in various animal models, including rodents, quails, and piglets.
What are the central thematic areas covered in the research?
The research focuses on the toxicological assessment (acute and chronic) of Iron(IV) compounds, the physiological and metabolic effects of long-term administration, and the therapeutic efficiency of these compounds in preventing and treating iron-deficiency anemia.
What is the primary research goal of the work?
The main objective is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the safety and pharmacological efficacy of high-valence Iron(IV) clathrochelate, specifically to determine its potential as a safer and more effective alternative to traditional iron supplements in veterinary practice.
Which scientific methods are utilized in this study?
The study employs preclinical bioassays, including toxicological monitoring of laboratory animals, morphological blood analysis, biochemical serum evaluations, and comparative studies using standardized veterinary protocols.
What specific aspects are examined in the main chapters?
The main body of the work covers the determination of acute lethal doses (LD50), the evaluation of cumulative properties in rats, the long-term impact on organ health and metabolic markers in poultry, and the clinical application of Iron(IV) to piglets during their development.
Which keywords best characterize the research?
Key terms include Iron(IV) clathrochelate, toxicological evaluation, iron-deficiency anemia, bioavailability, piglet health, and metabolic profiling.
How does Iron(IV) clathrochelate compare to traditional Iron dextran treatments?
The research indicates that Iron(IV) clathrochelate shows high bioavailability and improved anti-anemic efficiency, particularly in its dissolved form with rheopolyglukin, compared to standard iron dextran products.
What were the findings regarding the safety of these compounds in quails?
The study identified specific threshold doses for Iron(IV) and noted that while long-term usage influenced certain physiological markers like organ weights and blood chemistry, it offered a viable model for understanding the toxicodynamics of these high-valent iron compounds.
- Citar trabajo
- Iryna Derkach (Autor), V. B. Dukhnitskyі (Autor), S. S. Derkach (Autor), I. O. Fritsky (Autor), M. O. Plutenko (Autor), V. M. Lozovyi (Autor), 2020, Pharmaco-toxicological characteristic of Iron(IV) clathrochelate complex. An analysis, Múnich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/989450
