In alignment with the goal of the department to make the curriculum relevant to produce competent, job-ready, active, and responsible citizens, this study planned to keep track the SHS graduates of Munting Ilog Integrated National High School in terms of the alignment of their chosen college degree with their respective SHS tracks.
This study followed a descriptive approach utilizing the main closed format questionnaire as the survey instrument. The study involved 82 SHS graduates.
Teachers are the cornerstone of education, passing on knowledge from generation to generation. They act as mentors that guide students through academic challenges, personal growth. The social responsibility of nation-building and developing future leaders lie in the hands of teachers. With that, government senior high schools (SHS) have a significant impact on a country's future. They are tasked with the essential responsibility of developing young minds, providing them with the knowledge, skills, and critical thinking required to survive in a quickly changing world. DepED SHS must prepare its K-12 graduates for greater career opportunities following graduation as stated in its curriculum exits.
In alignment with the goal of the department to make the curriculum relevant to produce competent, job-ready, active, and responsible citizens, Munting Ilog Integrated National High School planned to keep track of its first batch of SHS graduates in terms of the alignment of their chosen college degree. Through tracer study, an institution will be able to evaluate the quality of education given to their graduates by knowing the graduates' placements and positions in the society. Schools can use the results of a tracer study, which tracks graduates or alumni between 1-3 years after graduation and aims to determine the outcome in the form of the transition from the world of higher education to the world of work, to assess the success of the educational process that has been provided to their students.
BRIDGING THE GAP: A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF SHS GRADUATES’ EDUCATIONAL PATHWAYS AND THEIR CORRESPONDING COLLEGE DEGREE PURSUITS
Abstract
Purpose
In alignment with the goal of the department to make the curriculum relevant to produce competent, job-ready, active, and responsible citizens, this study planned to keep track the SHS graduates of Munting Ilog Integrated National High School in terms of the alignment of their chosen college degree with their respective SHS tracks.
Methodology
This study followed a descriptive approach utilizing the main closed format questionnaire as the survey instrument. The study involved 82 SHS graduates.
Findings
The findings showed that there is a minimal difference regarding the relevance of the SHS tracks of the graduates to their chosen college course. Further, it showed that the college course alignment with the SHS track is somewhat aligned which contrasts its relevance. These results explained why there is a gap on the knowledge and skills between the SHS track and the college course choice.
Conclusions and Recommendations
This study provides valuable insights into the outcomes of the country’s education by tracking the career paths and successes of its SHS graduates. By conducting this study, educational institutions can determine the alignment of their programs with industry demands and the needs of the workforce. This plays a crucial role in shaping the quality and relevance of education, particularly for SHS and college degree programs, by providing a comprehensive understanding of the outcomes and impact of these programs on the lives of graduates.
Keywords
SHS curriculum exit, curriculum assessment, SHS tracks
Acknowledgement
This basic research would not have been possible without the help of the following people whose support and guidance have helped the researchers in their venture to finish this paper. The researchers would like to express their deepest gratitude to the following:
To the school’s Research Coordinator, Christianne Roie A. Carabeo for his support and technical assistance to the researchers in conducting the research.
To the school principal of Munting Ilog Integrated National High School, Cristina M. Austria, for allowing and supporting the researchers to conduct the research.
To the SHS graduates of Munting Ilog Integrated National High School, for extending their support to allow the researchers to let them be the participants of the study.
To their co-faculty and friends, who pushed their determination up and giving words of encouragement to successfully finish this basic research.
Glory and thanks to God in the highest!
Introduction of the Research
Teachers are the cornerstone of education, passing on knowledge from generation to generation. They act as mentors that guide students through academic challenges, personal growth. The social responsibility of nation-building and developing future leaders lie in the hands of teachers. With that, government senior high schools (SHS) have a significant impact on a country's future. They are tasked with the essential responsibility of developing young minds, providing them with the knowledge, skills, and critical thinking required to survive in a quickly changing world. DepED SHS must prepare its K-12 graduates for greater career opportunities following graduation as stated in its curriculum exits.
In alignment with the goal of the department to make the curriculum relevant to produce competent, job-ready, active, and responsible citizens, Munting Ilog Integrated National High School planned to keep track of its first batch of SHS graduates in terms of the alignment of their chosen college degree. Through tracer study, an institution will be able to evaluate the quality of education given to their graduates by knowing the graduates' placements and positions in the society (Deming, 2020). Schools can use the results of a tracer study, which tracks graduates or alumni between 1-3 years after graduation and aims to determine the outcome in the form of the transition from the world of higher education to the world of work, to assess the success of the educational process that has been provided to their students (Renny, 2018).
Tracer studies in the Philippines have shown that the alignment of senior high school graduates' chosen college degrees with their employment is crucial. Research has highlighted that graduates who select degree programs matching their learning strands in senior high school tend to achieve higher academic performance in college (Manungas, et al, 2022). Additionally, studies emphasize the importance of assessing college readiness levels to ensure students are adequately prepared for the cognitive demands of tertiary education (Mortiz & Digamon, 2023) Furthermore, tracer studies have revealed that graduates who receive quality education and skills development are more likely to secure employment related to their field of study, showcasing the significance of educational quality provision in enhancing graduates' employability (Procurato, et al, 2024; Abella, et al, 2024; Lopena & Madrigal, 2023). With these findings, the researchers plan to underscore the importance of aligning senior high school education with college degree choices of MIINHS SHS graduates to optimize academic success and future employment opportunities.
Literature Review
Senior high school graduates often choose college degrees aligned with their high school tracks, impacting their academic performance and future career choices. Research shows that the Senior High School Learning Strand significantly influences college students' General Weighted Average, with Technical Vocational Livelihood Strand (TVL) students performing well academically (Manugas, et al, 2022). Additionally, a study in the Philippines reveals that students' career preferences strongly correlate with the college programs they enroll in, emphasizing the importance of aligning high school education with future college courses (Tagulob & Durias, 2019). Furthermore, findings from Korea suggest that science high school graduates predominantly pursue engineering and natural science majors in college, leading to careers as advanced engineers and scientists, with a notable percentage opting for medical or pharmaceutical fields post-graduation (Yi, 2022). These studies underscore the significance of considering high school tracks when analyzing college degree choices and subsequent career paths among senior high school graduates.
Senior high school graduates often struggle to choose a course in college due to various factors highlighted in the research. Economic and cultural capital play a significant role in determining college readiness, with students from families with higher economic and cultural capital demonstrating higher readiness levels (Pagulayan, et al, 2021). Additionally, the college application process itself can hinder access to higher education, as students may lack guidance in selecting eligible programs, leading to decreased enrollment impacts (Oreopoulos & Ford, 2016). The decision-making process for choosing a college is complex, as students have limited information and computational abilities, making it challenging to make informed choices within a specified time frame (Govan, et al, 2006). These challenges, coupled with rising tuition levels and insufficient financial aid, contribute to the difficulty senior high school graduates face in selecting a course of study in college.
Tracer studies play a crucial role in evaluating the outcomes of educational programs for both high school and college graduates. These studies track the employment status, career paths, and skills acquired by graduates after completing their studies. They provide valuable insights into graduates' employability, job placements, and the relevance of their education to their careers. Research on Bachelor of Secondary Education (BSEd) graduates from various universities revealed high employability rates, with many graduates securing jobs related to their field of stud (Senal, et al, 2023: Arbis, et al, 2023). Similarly, studies on Bachelor of Science in Biology and Bachelor of Science in Psychology graduates highlighted that a significant percentage of participants were employed, with a majority perceiving the relevance of their degree to their employment (Camuyong, et al, 2023). Tracer studies are essential for educational institutions to assess the effectiveness of their programs, identify areas for improvement, and ensure that graduates possess the necessary competencies for success in the workforce (Kurrokhmat & Rohendi, 2022). Additionally, tracer studies on graduates from Pilgrim Christian College emphasized the importance of skills acquired during education, such as communication, leadership, and problem-solving, in securing immediate employment opportunities (Abella, et al, 2024). These studies underscore the significance of tracer studies in assessing the success of high school graduates in transitioning to the workforce and the impact of educational institutions on their career development.
Senior high school graduates often choose college degrees that align with their high school tracks, which impacts their academic performance and future career choices. Research shows that the SHS strands significantly influences college students' General Weighted Average. In the Philippines, students' career preferences strongly correlate with college programs they enroll in. Science high school graduates predominantly pursue engineering and natural science majors, leading to careers as advanced engineers and scientists. However, senior high school graduates often struggle to choose a college course due to factors such as economic and cultural capital, the college application process, and limited information and computational abilities. Tracer studies are essential for assessing the effectiveness of educational programs and ensuring graduates possess the necessary competencies for success in the workforce.
Research Questions
This study will try to find out the alignment of the chosen college degree of the first batch of senior high school graduates of MIINHS under the K-12 curriculum.
Specifically, this study will endeavor to answer the following questions:
1. What are the demographic profiles of the MIINHS SHS graduates in terms of;
1.1 Age
1.2 Senior High School Academic Track
1.3 Employment Status
2. What is the current educational status of MIINHS SHS graduates?
3. What are the undergraduate degrees taken by of the SHS graduates of MIINHS?
4. Are the undergraduate degrees taken by of the SHS graduates of MIINHS aligned with their SHS program?
5. What are the reasons for the current educational status of MIINHS SHS graduates who are able to pursue college?
6. What are the challenges encountered by the SHS graduates of MIINHS?
Scope and Limitation
The study will only be dealing with the first batch of senior high school graduates of Munting Ilog Integrated National High School under the K-12 curriculum of the Department of Education. Other succeeding SHS graduates of the school will not be considered to be part of this study. Also, only the graduates who pursued college studies will be the participants of the study.
Instrument to be used will be adapted from previous tracer studies. Modification will be made to tailor-fit the needed information for this study. Also, other aspects of the SHS graduates will not be covered under this study.
Research Methodology
A. Research Design
Quantitative research design is a systematic method used to investigate and analyze numerical data in order to answer research questions. One potential quantitative research design for that could be utilized for a tracer study is a descriptive quantitative approach. This aims to accurately and systematically describe the current situation of the target population. The goal of this descriptive research is to provide a comprehensive and accurate picture of the target population studied and to describe the relationships, patterns, and trends that exist within the data.
B. Sampling
In a quantitative research, identifying participants is a crucial step to ensure the validity and reliability of the study. To clearly define the specific population or sample group that the study aims to investigate the researchers need to consider a range from a specific demographic group, such as age or gender, to individuals with certain characteristics or experiences of the target student participants.
Once the target population has been identified, the researchers must then determine the appropriate sampling method to select participants for the study. In this case, convenience snowball sampling will be utilized. This method will be used to study hard-to-reach population since the study will be dealing with the first batch of SHS graduates (Kircherr & Charles, 2018). This is considered as the best suited to the research objectives and resources available.
In addition to this, the researchers will also consider criteria for inclusion and exclusion of participants in the study. This may involve setting specific eligibility criteria based on certain characteristics or traits that are relevant to the research question. Specifically, one criterion will be SHS graduates who pursued college degree. It is important to clearly define these criteria in order to ensure that the sample accurately represents the target population and that the results of the study are generalizable to a broader population.
C. Data Collection
This study will be using a modified adapted tracer study survey tool that is tailored to the need for the study. The survey will be structured into two sections: the first section comprised of questions aimed at obtaining the SHS graduates' profiles, while the second section consisted of questions focused on the graduates' tertiary education statuses.
Validating a survey for a tracer study is an essential step in ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the data collected. To begin the validation process, it is important to first define the research objectives and questions that the survey aims to address. This will include clearly outlining the population of interest, the variables to be measured, and the desired outcomes of the study. By establishing a strong theoretical framework, the researchers can ensure that the survey questions are relevant and meaningful to the study.
Once the research objectives are defined, the next step in validating a survey for a tracer study is to pilot test the survey instrument. This will involve administering the survey to a small sample of student participants who are similar to the target population. Pilot testing will allow researchers to identify any potential issues with the survey questions, such as ambiguity, bias, or lack of clarity. Feedback from pilot testing can then be used to revise and refine the survey instrument before it is distributed to the target sample.
Finally, to further validate the survey for a tracer study, the researchers should conduct a reliability and validity analysis of the data collected. Reliability refers to the consistency of the survey instrument in measuring the intended variables, while validity refers to the extent to which the survey questions accurately measure what they are intended to measure (Heale & Twycross, 2015). By analyzing the reliability and validity of the survey data, the researchers can ensure that the results are accurate and can be confidently used to draw conclusions and make recommendations based on the findings of the tracer study.
The conduct of the survey will be done via Google form considering the convenience of the target student respondents.
D. Ethical Issues
This research was conducted in utmost honesty and integrity. All data collected, analyzed, and interpreted were reported accurately and truthfully. Since the data collection was done electronically, the first part of the online survey form included the informed consent in which the respondent opted to continue or not with answering the form. No part of this research was used to deceive, misinform, or mislead readers or the general public, especially the teachers, of which the study was of vital importance.
Further, the proponents endeavored to avoid bias at all cost. The research design, methodology, analysis and interpretation were done with objectivity and sound judgment.
Also, the intellectual property rights of authors and works cited in the research were respected. All works were given appropriate credits and proper citations were used following the DMOS or the DepEd Manual of Style (based on DepEd Order No. 030 s.2019) and largely referencing to The Chicago Manual of Style, 17th Edition.
Rest assured, all information obtained in this research was treated in utmost confidentiality.
E. Data Analysis
Tracer studies are an essential tool in assessing the effectiveness of an educational institution in preparing its graduates for their future careers. In conducting this tracer study, descriptive statistics will be utilized to analyze the data gathered from the study. Descriptive statistics will allow the researchers to summarize and interpret the data, providing valuable insights into the outcomes of the educational program.
Discussion of Results and Recommendation
This section presents the findings of the study, highlighting the alignment of senior high school tracks of SHS graduates of Munting Ilog Integrated National High School and their chosen college degrees. The results from the survey were analyzed through descriptive statistics as follows:
1. What are the demographic profiles of the MIINHS SHS graduates in terms of;
1.1 Age
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Figure 1. Distribution of MIINHS SHS Graduates in terms of Age
The graph above illustrates the distribution of a dataset across various ages of MIINHS SHS graduates, ranging from 18 to 26 years old. Each bar represents the number of participants at each age, with the corresponding percentage values displayed above the bars.
The highest concentration of participants appears to be at 25 years old, with 20 respondents, followed by 19 years old, with 16 respondents. The lowest values are observed at ages 18, 20, and 21, each with only 1 respondent. This suggests that there is a significant number of participants in the range between 19 and 25 years old.
1.2 Senior High School Academic Track
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Figure 2. Distribution of MIINHS SHS Graduates in terms Academic Track
The chart illustrates the distribution of academic tracks taken by 82 respondents of MIINHS senior high school (SHS) graduates. The sections of the chart correspond to various academic tracks, with their respective percentages labeled. The chart indicates that the majority of students in this study chose GAS (57.3%), followed by STEM (17.1%), while the other tracks, such as HUMSS (2.4%) and TVL-Agriculture (2.4%), had much fewer selections.
1.3 Employment Status
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Figure 3. Distribution of MIINHS SHS Graduates in terms Employment Status
The pie chart represents the employment status of 82 respondents. It shows that more than half (57.3%) of the respondents are employed, while 42.7% are not.
2. What is the current educational status of MIINHS SHS graduates?
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Figure 4. Current Educational Status of MIINHS SHS Graduates
This chart shows the educational attainment of the senior high school (SHS) graduates from MIINHS, based on 82 responses. It shows that the majority of respondents (48.8%) are college graduates, while 45.1% are currently enrolled in college. Those pursuing vocational courses, in first-year studies, and not enrolled at all have 1.2%.
3. What are the undergraduate degrees taken by SHS graduates of MIINHS?
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Figure 5. Undergraduate Degrees Taken by SHS Graduates of MIINHS
This pie chart shows the undergraduate degree programs chosen by the senior high school (SHS) graduates of MIINHS. The chart provides a breakdown of their selected fields of study, with the following percentages: the largest groups of MIINHS SHS graduates are pursuing degrees in Education (28%), Engineering and Information Technology (23%), and Business (21%), while smaller numbers are entering fields such as Medicine (11%), Criminology (8%), and Agriculture (4%). The remaining 4% of the respondents stated that they were not able to pursue college.
4. Are the undergraduate degrees taken by the SHS graduates of MIINHS aligned with their SHS program?
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Figure 6. Relevance of SHS Track to the Chosen College Degree
This pie chart shows the relevance of the senior high school (SHS) tracks of the graduates of MIINHS to their chosen college degree. This shows that almost half (47.6%) of the respondents said that their college degree is very relevant to their SHS track, 31.7% said that it is somewhat relevant, 19.5% said that is not very relevant and 1.2% said that is not relevant at all.
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Figure 7. Alignment of College Course with SHS Track
This pie chart shows the alignment of the senior high school (SHS) tracks of the graduates of MIINHS to their chosen college degree. This shows that almost half (40.2%) of the respondents said that their SHS track is somewhat aligned to their college degree, 39% said that it is very aligned, 14.6% said that is not very aligned and 6.1% said that is not aligned at all.
5. What are the reasons for the current educational status of MIINHS SHS graduates who are able to pursue college?
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Figure 8. SHS Track Influence to the College Course Choice
This pie chart shows that 63.4% of the respondents stated that their SHS track has influenced their college course choice while 28% said that it does not influence their college career at all. The remaining 8.5% said that they do not have any idea whether or not it has influenced their college course choice.
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Figure 9. How Prepared are the SHS Graduates for College
This pie chart shows that majority of the respondents (68.3%) stated that they somewhat prepared for college while 23.2% are very prepared. The remaining 8.5% showed unpreparedness for their college career.
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Figure 10. Any Gap Encountered in Knowledge/Skills between SHS and College
This pie chart shows that majority of the respondents (70.7%) stated that there are gaps encountered between their knowledge or skill in SHS and college while 29.3% said that there is none.
Dissemination and Advocacy
This research will be a basis for future career guidance programs of the school. Also, this will be a basis for re-assessment of the SHS curriculum and its target exits. As a result, student-centric pedagogical strategies will be developed to enhance future academic performance and strengthen post-secondary choices. This will support evidence-based and data-driven educational policies toward curriculum innovation and revision. Through these, the goal of global competitiveness will be achieved since Philippines education can benchmark against international standards.
This research can bring attention to the importance of ongoing monitoring and evaluation in improving the quality of education and training programs of the Department of Education. Advocating for the findings of this tracer study can help in shaping policies and decision-making processes that can lead to more effective and efficient educational practices of the country.
One key aspect of disseminating the results of this study is ensuring that the information reaches the relevant stakeholders in a clear and accessible manner. Communication strategies will be crafted that effectively convey the key findings of the study to policymakers, educators, and other relevant parties. This may involve creating comprehensive reports, presentations, and other materials that highlight the implications of the findings for improving educational programs for the Department of Education. Advocating for the results of this study involves actively engaging with stakeholders to promote the implementation of recommendations that can lead to positive changes in educational practices.
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ANNEXES
ANNEX A
Research Instrument
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- Christianne Roie Alonzo Carabeo (Author), Ivy Filipina Toledo (Author), 2024, SHS Graduates’ Educational Pathways and their Corresponding College Degree Pursuits, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/1599285
