River Hindon is a major source of water to the highly populated and predominantly rural population of western Uttar Pradesh, India. River Hindon originates in the lower Himalayas in Saharanpur district (UP, Uttar Pradesh) and flows 260 km through six districts including Muzaffarnagar, Meerut, Baghpat, Ghaziabad and Gautambudh Nagar until its confluence with the Yamuna. The main sources, which create pollution in the river, include municipal wastes of Saharanpur, Muzaffarnagar and Ghaziabad districts and industrial effluents of sugar, pulp and paper distilleries and other miscellaneous industries through tributaries as well as direct outfalls. In non-monsoon months the river is completely dry from its origin up to Saharanpur town. The main water quality parameters that have been used to assess the quality of Hindon river are pH, BOD, COD, DO, TDS, TSS Electrical Conductivity, Total Hardness, Nitrate, Phosphates, Chlorides, Sulphates and Faecal Coliform. These data are obtained by collecting water and wastewater samples during pre- and post-monsoon seasons during month of January and April 2013 and are converted with National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index to achieve at a single value defining the water quality at selected locations. The result shows that the water quality of river is not good. The water of river Hindon is not suitable for any use.
Table of Contents
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Study Area
- Water Quality Sampling
- Sewage Sample and Testing Techniques
- Results and Discussion
Objectives and Key Themes
The objective of this work is to assess the water quality of the Hindon River between Muzaffarnagar and Ghaziabad, India, and to identify the sources of pollution affecting the river's ecological health and human well-being. The study uses water quality parameters and the National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index to evaluate the river's condition.
- Assessment of Hindon River water quality.
- Identification of pollution sources impacting the river.
- Analysis of physiochemical parameters and heavy metal contamination.
- Evaluation of water quality using the Water Quality Index.
- Potential implications for human health and aquatic life.
Chapter Summaries
Abstract: This abstract introduces the Hindon River, its importance as a water source for western Uttar Pradesh, and the sources of its pollution (municipal and industrial waste). It mentions the water quality parameters analyzed (pH, BOD, COD, etc.) and the use of the NSF Water Quality Index to assess the overall water quality, concluding that the river's water quality is poor.
Introduction: The introduction highlights India's water resources, focusing on the Hindon River's significance in western Uttar Pradesh. It discusses the river's historical use, its pollution from municipal and industrial effluents, and the detrimental effects on aquatic life and human health. Previous studies on Hindon River pollution are cited, emphasizing the existing knowledge base and the need for further investigation.
Study Area: This section details the geographical scope of the study, focusing on a 100km stretch of the Hindon River between Atali village (Muzaffarnagar) and Habiatpur Village (Ghaziabad). Figures 1 and 2 provide visual representations of the study area and the sampling locations, highlighting the key areas of pollution sources along the river stretch. The maps pinpoint the locations of various industrial plants and drains contributing to the pollution.
Water Quality Sampling: This chapter describes the methodology for collecting water samples. It outlines the procedures followed, adhering to APHA 2005 standards, and explains the creation of composite samples from multiple points across the river's width. The chapter details sample preservation, transportation, and the on-site and laboratory analysis techniques utilized, highlighting the use of specific preservatives and instruments.
Sewage Sample and Testing Techniques: This section explains the various types of water sampling techniques, including grab, composite, grab composite, discrete, and integrated sampling. It also describes the specific analytical techniques used for each water quality parameter, noting the instrumentation used (e.g., digital pH meter, Hach spectrophotometer) and the methods used for analysis (e.g., volumetric, colorimetric, gravimetric).
Keywords
River Hindon, water quality, pollution, industrial effluents, municipal waste, water quality parameters, Water Quality Index, heavy metals, physiochemical analysis, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Frequently Asked Questions: Hindon River Water Quality Assessment
What is the main topic of this document?
This document is a comprehensive preview of a study assessing the water quality of the Hindon River in Uttar Pradesh, India. It details the study's objectives, methodology, key findings, and conclusions.
What are the key objectives of the study?
The study aims to evaluate the water quality of the Hindon River, identify pollution sources affecting it, analyze physiochemical parameters and heavy metal contamination, and assess the water quality using the National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) Water Quality Index. The potential implications for human health and aquatic life are also examined.
What is the geographical scope of the study?
The study focuses on a 100km stretch of the Hindon River between Atali village (Muzaffarnagar) and Habiatpur Village (Ghaziabad), Uttar Pradesh, India. Maps pinpoint pollution sources along this stretch.
What water quality parameters were analyzed?
The abstract mentions parameters such as pH, BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand), and COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), while the detailed methodology section provides a complete list of parameters and the specific analytical techniques employed (e.g., volumetric, colorimetric, gravimetric methods).
What methodologies were used for water sampling and analysis?
The study adhered to APHA 2005 standards. Various sampling techniques were employed including grab, composite, and others, with detailed explanations provided. Specific instruments such as a digital pH meter and Hach spectrophotometer were used for analysis.
What are the main pollution sources identified in the study?
The study identifies municipal and industrial waste as the primary sources of pollution affecting the Hindon River. The specific locations of industrial plants and drains contributing to the pollution are mapped within the study area.
How was the overall water quality assessed?
The study used the National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) Water Quality Index to evaluate the overall water quality of the Hindon River.
What are the key findings of the study (as per the preview)?
The preview concludes that the water quality of the Hindon River is poor. The detailed findings regarding the specific levels of pollutants and their impact on the ecosystem and human health are available in the full study.
What are the keywords associated with this study?
Keywords include: River Hindon, water quality, pollution, industrial effluents, municipal waste, water quality parameters, Water Quality Index, heavy metals, physiochemical analysis, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Where can I find more details about this study?
The provided text is a preview. The full study would contain the detailed results, analysis, and conclusions.
- Citar trabajo
- Prabhakar Shukla (Autor), M K Singhal (Autor), 2014, Conservation plan of Hindon River in-between Muzaffarnagar and Ghaziabad, Múnich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/281560
