The aim of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of crude extracts of four medicinal plants (A. pirottae, G. schweinfurthii, K. begoniifolia, and U. leptocladon), against ATCC and MDR clinical isolates of bacteria.
Based on ethnobotanical data, four plants were collected from different areas of South Omo through several field trips followed by taxonomic identification. Leaves (A. pirottae, K. begoniifolia, and U. leptocladon) and root (G. schweinfurthii) parts of plants specimens were subjected to extraction process using six different organic solvents through maceration and subsequent filtration. The resultant crude extracts were screened for primary in vitro antibacterial activity against ATCC bacterial strains, using agar well diffusion assay. The plants that showed the highest activity indices were further screened against MDR bacterial isolates. MIC was performed on the most active plant extract. Results of antibacterial activities were analyzed using statistical software, SPSS for Windows version 20.
The antibacterial activity significantly varied among the plant species, type of solvents used for the extraction and strains of bacteria tested. Ethyl acetate and ethanol was highly effective for extracting antibacterial principles, irrespective of plant species. The results of primary screening revealed that two plants (K. begoniifolia, and U. leptocladon) were highly active against ATCC strains. The results of the extended screening showed that, among the two plants, ethyl acetate extract of U. leptocladon efficiently inhibited the growth of MDR bacterial isolates. The MIC values of U. leptocladon were varied in inhibiting MDR bacteria tested.
The overall findings of this study demonstrated that all the four plants have antibacterial activities in varying degrees. U. leptocladon showed the widest and highest spectrum of antibacterial activities as per agar well diffusion assay and analysis of MIC. However, further ongoing and in-depth studies are mandatory in order to prove and understand in vivo efficacy, mechanism of action and toxicological profile of these plants.
In many regions of the world, particularly Ethiopia, the vast majority of traditional medicines are plant based. However, these plants were neglected and scarcely explored. Therefore, screening of plants used in traditional medicine could provide the chance of discovering antimicrobials that fight against infectious diseases.
Inhaltsverzeichnis (Table of Contents)
- Acknowledgments
- Abbreviations and Acronyms
- Table of Contents
- List of Tables
- Abstract
- CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
- 1.1. Background
- 1.2. Statement of the Problem
- 1.3. Significance of the Study
- CHAPTER TWO
- REVIEW OF LITERATURES
- 2.1. Antimicrobials and Antimicrobial Resistance Infections
- 2.2. Plant Based Antimicrobial Studies in Ethiopia
- 2.3. Ethnobotanical Data of Medicinal Plants in Omo Valley
- 2.4. Review on Plants Selected for the Experiment
- 2.4.1. Aloe pirottae Berger
- 2.4.2. Grewia schweinfurthii Burret
- 2.4.3. Kosteletzkya begoniifolia (Ulber) Ulber
- 2.4.4. Uvaria leptocladon Oliv
- CHAPTER THREE
- OBJECTIVES
- 3.1. General Objective
- 3.2. Specific Objectives
- CHAPTER FOUR
- MATERIALS AND METHODS
- 4.1. Description of the Study Area
- 4.2. Study Design and Period
- 4.3. Selection of Medicinal Plants
- 4.4. Plant Material Collection and Transportation
- 4.5. Taxonomic Identification of Plants
- 4.6. Processing of Medicinal Plants
- 4.7. Preparation of Plant Extract
- 4.8. Test Microorganisms
- 4.9. Antibacterial Assay
- 4.9.1. Primary Antibacterial Screening Against ATCC strains
- 4.9.2. Extended Antibacterial Screening Against MDR Clinical Isolates
- 4.10. Determining Minimum Inhibitory Concentration
- 4.11. Quality Control
- 4.12. Statistical Analysis
- 4.13. Ethical Consideration
- 4.14. Oprational Definitions
- CHAPTER FIVE
- RESULTS
- 5.1. Overall Primary Antibacterial Screening Against ATCC Bacteria
- 5.1.1. Primary Antibacterial Activity of A. pirottae crude extracts against ATCC
- 5.1.2. Primary Antibacterial Activity of G. schweinfurthii crude extracts against ATCC
- 5.1.3. Primary Antibacterial Activity of K. begoniifolia crude extracts against ATCC
- 5.1.4. Primary Antibacterial Activity of U. leptocladon crude extracts against ATCC
- 5.2. Extended Antibacterial Screening Against MDR Clinical Isolates
- 5.2.1. Extended Antibacterial Activity of K. begoniifolia Against MDR Clinical Isolates
- 5.2.2. Extended Antibacterial Activity of U. leptocladon Against MDR Clinical Isolates
- 5.3. Determination of MIC of U. leptocladon extract against ATCC strains
- 5.4. Determination of MIC of U. leptocladon extract against MDR clinical isolates
- CHAPTER SIX
- DISCUSSIONS
Zielsetzung und Themenschwerpunkte (Objectives and Key Themes)
This research thesis aims to investigate the antibacterial activity of four plant species commonly used in traditional medicine practices in the South Omo Zone of Southern Ethiopia. The study explores the potential of these plants to combat antimicrobial resistance, a growing global health concern.
- Antibacterial activity of plant species used in traditional medicine
- Evaluation of the effectiveness of plant extracts against common bacterial strains
- Assessment of the potential of these plants as a source of novel antibacterial agents
- Contribution to the understanding of traditional medicine practices and their relevance to modern healthcare
- Addressing the challenge of antimicrobial resistance through the investigation of natural remedies
Zusammenfassung der Kapitel (Chapter Summaries)
The thesis begins by outlining the background of the study, highlighting the significance of antimicrobial resistance and the potential of plant-based solutions. Chapter Two provides a comprehensive review of existing literature related to antimicrobial resistance, plant-based antimicrobial studies in Ethiopia, and ethnobotanical data on medicinal plants found in the Omo Valley. This chapter also focuses on the four specific plants selected for the study, reviewing their traditional uses and known properties. Chapter Three outlines the general and specific objectives of the research, which aim to determine the antibacterial activity of the selected plants against specific bacterial strains, both from standard cultures and clinical isolates. Chapter Four details the materials and methods used in the study, including the description of the study area, the selection and collection of plant materials, the preparation of plant extracts, the bacterial strains used, and the methodologies employed for the antibacterial assays. Chapter Five presents the results of the study, including the primary antibacterial screening of all four plant species against standard bacterial strains and the extended screening of two promising species against multidrug resistant (MDR) clinical isolates. This chapter also includes the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the most effective plant extract against both standard and MDR bacterial strains. Chapter Six provides an in-depth discussion of the results, analyzing the findings in the context of existing literature and highlighting the significance of the study's conclusions.
Schlüsselwörter (Keywords)
The research focuses on traditional medicine, plant-based antimicrobials, antimicrobial resistance, South Omo Zone, Ethiopia, antibacterial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration, ethnobotany, medicinal plants, and clinical isolates.
- Quote paper
- Sintayehu Gobezie (Author), 2019, Antibacterial activity of four plant species used in traditional medicine practice of South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/978692
