Writing a term paper: A comprehensive guide for students

First things first:

A term paper is typically around 15 pages or 3,500–4,000 words.
The writing process consists of 6 main steps, from topic selection to proofreading.
The structure consists of an introduction (10%), main part (80%) and conclusion (10%)
Literature research and correct citation are crucial for a good term paper
Use time management techniques such as the Pomodoro Method and schedule buffer times

The 6 steps to writing your term paper

To approach your term paper systematically, it can be helpful to follow a clear structure. Here are the most important steps to keep in mind:

Step 1: Choosing a topic and developing a research question

Choosing the topic is the first and often most crucial step in writing your term paper. You’re usually bound to the subject area of the course in which you’re writing the paper. Choose a topic that genuinely interests you and can be completed within the given time and with the available resources.

An interdisciplinary approach can enrich your work and offer new insights. Consider whether you can view your topic from different academic perspectives. Opt for a current and relevant topic to capture the reader’s interest and ensure access to a variety of up-to-date sources.

Step 2: Structure and outlining

A scientific paper follows a clear structure. In addition to the main text, don’t forget to include a title page and a table of contents. At the end, you’ll need a bibliography and an affidavit. The exact structure will depend on your specific research question.

Be prepared to adjust your outline during the writing process. New insights may require restructuring. Create a detailed outline to simplify your writing process. This will help you stay organized and approach the writing process systematically.

Step 3: Literature research

Research forms the foundation of your paper. Based on your research question, you should systematically search for relevant literature. Sources include your university library’s portals, online databases like Google Scholar or BASE, and course materials.

Distinguish between primary sources (original texts, empirical studies) and secondary sources (literature that discusses primary sources). Both are important but serve different purposes. Use software like Citavi, Zotero, EndNote, or Mendeley to manage your sources and insert citations correctly.

Step 4: Writing the paper

Once you’ve completed the planning phase, you can start writing. Ensure your paper has a clear thread for the readers to follow. The main text is divided into the introduction, main body, and conclusion.

Introduction: The purpose of the introduction is to pique the reader’s interest in your topic. Your introduction should include an overview of the topic, presentation of the research question, explanation of your objectives, and a preview of your paper’s structure. It should account for about 10% of the total length.

Main body: This is where you answer your research question. The main body typically includes defining key terms, presenting relevant theories and concepts, analyzing the topic from various perspectives, and critically discussing your findings. It will make up about 80% of your paper.

Conclusion: The conclusion summarizes the key findings of your paper. It should address how well your research question has been answered, point out any unresolved issues, and suggest potential areas for further research. The conclusion should account for approximately 10% of your paper.

Set realistic writing goals and work in regular, short intervals (e.g. using the Pomodoro technique). This can help overcome writer’s block. Get feedback from fellow students or your lecturer early on to make sure you’re on the right track.

Step 5: Bibliography and affidavit

Once the main text is written, you’ll need to finalize the bibliography and include an affidavit. The bibliography comes at the end of your paper and lists all the sources you’ve cited.

Ensure you’re applying the citation style (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago) consistently and correctly. This adds a professional touch to your work. Use plagiarism detection software to confirm that no unintended plagiarism has occurred.

Step 6: Proofreading

The final step is proofreading your paper. It often helps to take a break for a day or two before coming back to it with fresh eyes.

Proofread your paper multiple times, focusing on different aspects each time (e.g., spelling and grammar, then coherence and structure). Reading your work aloud can help identify stylistic and grammatical errors that might be missed when reading silently.

Tips for writing your term paper

To be as effective as possible, keep a few tips in mind. Create a timeline for each step of your paper and stick to it. Allow for buffer times in case of unexpected delays. Set up a quiet and distraction-free work environment to improve your concentration and productivity. Also, ensure you take enough breaks, exercise, and get plenty of sleep. A healthy body and mind are essential for productive work.

Conclusion

Start with a clear definition of the key terms and theories. Structure the main body into thematic sections, ensuring that each section logically follows from the previous one.

These additional tips and insights should help you write your term paper more effectively and systematically. Good luck!